week 1-lily Flashcards
what is oceanography?
scientific study of all aspects of the oceans
how much of the earth surface is covered by water
71%
how much of earths water contained in the oceans and salty
97%
how much of the 97% water fresh water?
3%
how much of earths water is useable
0.3%
where is the freshwater typically located
90% in icecaps, glaciers, deep groundwater
what is an ocean
vast body of saline water occupying deepest depressions on the earths surface
- artificial divisions/boundaries
what are the 5 oceans
- pacific
- Atlantic
- Indian
- arctic
- southern/Antarctic
sometimes there are how many oceans
7
- north/south atlantic
- north/south pacific
concept of 1 world ocean
they are all connected
what is the difference between sea from ocean
- related to island, plate tectonics
- smaller bodies of water
- on the peripheries of oceans
- enclosed by land (ridges, rises, island chains)
- often not always over continental margins
total surface area of ocean
361,132,000km2
total volume of ocean
1,335,000,000km3
average depth of ocean
3,688m
deepest part of ocean
10,935+-6m
pacific ocean basin
earths largest feature
challenger deep
deepest point of the Mariana trench
- the deepest part of the ocean
how deep is the challenger deep?
variable depths
10,903-10989m
why is the depth so variable?
high precision measurement is hard to do under that deep of water
how did they find challengers deep?
HMS challenger (1872-1876)
how many people have been to challenger deep?
27
who has been to challenger deep
- piccard and walsh 1960
- cameron, 2012
- Fen Dou Zhe, 2020
- “limiting factor” 2019-current
ocean exploration
- oceans did not prevent spread of humanity, they played key roles
- drove ancient civilizations to explore, study and travel
main things of ocean exploration
- food
- increase access
- nutritional advantage
- economic advantage
- politics/power
- money
- quest for knowledge