Week 1 lectures

Question 1

According to WHO, what is the percentage of the WORLD’s population for people with some form of DISABILITY?

Answer 1

16%

Question 2

In CANADA, how many people have at least ONE DISABILITY(%)?

Answer 2

22%

Question 3

What are the top 4 disability types?

Answer 3

1. Pain-related (15%)
2. Flexibility (10%)
3. Mobility (10%)
4. Mental Health related (7%)

Question 4

How many CANADIANS cannot afford things needed to live due to their disability all because of cost?

Answer 4

1.6 million

Question 5

What is the percentage of people with disabilities that are employed?

Answer 5

59%

Question 6

How did covid affect people with disabilities?

Answer 6

• protective measures created barriers
• unsure if communication of covid updates and measures was accessible

Question 7

What is MULTIMORBIDITY? What is the percentage of older adults with this?

Answer 7

someone with multiple chronic conditions (heavy load of symptoms INCREASES, decreased quality of life DECREASES)

> 50%

Question 8

How many CANADIANS are affected by multimorbidity (2 of 5 major chronic diseases, 20+ yrs old)?

Answer 8

6.9%

Question 9

How many CANADIANS are affected by multimorbidity (2 of 10 common chronic diseases, 20+yrs old)?

Answer 9

15.8%

Question 10

What is the “moral/religious model” of illness and disability?

Answer 10

• seen as a representation of “god’s doing” (they were DESERVED) or a “punishment” by evil spirits, the sins you committed/bad behaviours
• seen in christianity, hinduisms, and buddhism (see lecture slide for examples” –> mostly seen as disability is result of punishment

Question 11

What is the “protective interpretation” of disability?

Answer 11

• psychological safeguard
• seen as “happened for a reason”, “saved for a reason”, “I take it as a form of punishment”
  -relfect moral/religious interpretations

Question 12

What is the “infirm body” and “the person”?

Answer 12

Infirm body = you are of poor or deteriorated vitality, weak of mind, fragile, need help as if your begging

Associated with being poverish (like a beggar) and dishonest (like a thief)

Question 13

What consequences have occurred from the moral/religious model?

Answer 13

• informs and justifies DISCRIMINATION of people with disabilities
• caused people to feel “pity” if you are disabled
• caused people to believe they have a “moral obligation to help” those who are less fortunate than us
  therefore, reinforces SUPERIORITY and INFERIORITY

Question 14

What is a historical example of discrimination being shown to people with disabilities?

Answer 14

How the clergy took care of sick and “handicapped people” by segregating them from society in the “Hospital of Incurables”

Also use to be seen that if one family member had a disability than that put a “bad rep” on the whole family and often that one person was shipped away to be taken care of

Question 15

How do indigenous peoples see disability?

Answer 15

• there is NO WORD for disability in their language
• see people with disabilities as a PURPOSE to LEARN from them
• no one seen as abnormal

Question 16

What is “hand-in-cap”?

Answer 16

• mean “in equal parts”
• came from bartering –> people would keep their hands in their caps until they thought the exchange of goods was equal enough or good enough
• in sports –> horse racing : would put weights on horse to make race more fair (put the hprse at a disadvantage to balance out probabilities of victory

Golf–> low number equal good play

Question 17

The word “handicap” associates with what?

Answer 17

-disadvantages!!

Question 18

Do we use the term handicap anymore in canada?

Answer 18

NO! We use PERSON FIRST language (person w/ disability) or use “disability” instead

Question 19

How was disability seen pre-1970s?

Answer 19

Not able to contribute to society

depend on charity

not worthy

Question 20

How was disability seen in 1970s?

Answer 20

• people with disabilities began to organize
• fought for same basic human rights
• wanted to be treated as equals
  -Lots more community and educational inclusion
  -Have medically-focused solutions
  -Seen that disability can come from environmental factors as well as by their bodies

Question 21

What was the progression of the use of the word handicap/disability? (see slide 23-27 lecture 2)

Answer 21

1. Associations adopt the word disability
2. Becomes a judicial and political term
   - first time in 1981 they consulted on disabilities
3. Recognized by international organizations (CRPD, UN)
4. Becomes an object of scientific research and education (marginaized groups tend less to be studied, mostly in US UK and CAN)

Question 22

What is Health?

Answer 22

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

not modified since 1946

Question 23

What is the historical definition of “Impairment”?

Answer 23

any loss of abnormality or a psychological or anatomical structure or function

Question 24

What is the historical definition of Disability?

Answer 24

resulting from impairment

any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within range considered normal for a human being

Question 25

What is the term old handicap defined as?

Answer 25

Disadvantages experienced by the individual as a result of impairments and disabilities
Interaction with and adaptation to the individual’s surroundings

Question 26

In the medical field, what was the LINEAR model used to see the clinical course of handicap?

Answer 26

impairment –> disability—> handicap

Question 27

What is the NEW term for disability defined as?

Answer 27

Umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions

shows the negative aspects of the interaction between a person’s health condition(s) and that individual’s contextual factors (environmental and personal)

Question 28

Why do we need a word, model to describe a person with a disability(3 things)?

Answer 28

1. medicine and research
2. social
3. legal