Week 1 Lecture Content Flashcards
What is the primary focus of biopsychology?
a) The study of human behavior in social contexts
b) The biology of cognition and behavior
c) The psychological effects of medication
d) The evolution of human intelligence
b) The biology of cognition and behavior
Which ancient civilization discarded the brain during mummification?
a) Ancient Greeks
b) Ancient Romans
c) Ancient Egyptians
d) Ancient Persians
c) Ancient Egyptians
According to ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, where did mental capacities stem from?
a) The brain
b) The heart
c) The liver
d) The lungs
b) The heart
Who proposed the pineal gland as the site of mind-body integration?
a) John Watson
b) Charles Darwin
c) René Descartes
d) Sigmund Freud
c) René Descartes
Which of the following is NOT a way to alter neural activity mentioned in the lectures?
a) Disease
b) Tissue damage
c) Drugs
d) Hypnosis
d) Hypnosis
What did John Watson believe was the most important determinant of human behavior?
a) Genetics
b) Individual experience
c) Hormones
d) Brain structure
b) Individual experience
In Tyron’s rat experiments, what ability was selectively bred?
a) Running speed
b) Aggression
c) Maze performance
d) Social behavior
c) Maze performance
Which term describes the ability of the nervous system to change and remodel?
a) Neuroplasticity
b) Neurotransmission
c) Neurogenesis
d) Neurodegeneration
a) Neuroplasticity
What does epigenetics study?
a) How genes mutate over time
b) How certain factors influence gene expression without changing the gene sequence
c) How neurons communicate
d) How the brain develops during childhood
b) How certain factors influence gene expression without changing the gene sequence
Which of the following is NOT part of Paul MacLean’s “Triune Brain Model”?
a) Reptilian brain
b) Paleomammalian brain
c) Neomammalian brain
d) Primate brain
d) Primate brain
What is the primary function of the meninges?
a) Produce cerebrospinal fluid
b) Generate new neurons
c) Protect the brain
d) Regulate brain temperature
c) Protect the brain
What does CSF stand for?
a) Cerebral Structural Fluid
b) Cerebrospinal Fluid
c) Cortical Synaptic Function
d) Central Spinal Fluid
b) Cerebrospinal Fluid
What is the main function of the blood-brain barrier?
a) To produce blood cells
b) To control the entry and exit of molecules between blood and brain
c) To regulate blood pressure in the brain
d) To produce cerebrospinal fluid
b) To control the entry and exit of molecules between blood and brain
Which imaging technique provides the highest resolution of cellular structures?
a) CT scan
b) MRI
c) fMRI
d) Electron microscopy
d) Electron microscopy
Which technique allows for causal manipulation of neural activity?
a) EEG
b) fMRI
c) Optogenetics
d) PET scan
c) Optogenetics
Which of the following is a benefit of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)?
a) Highest spatial resolution
b) Can be used in more natural settings
c) Provides whole-brain functional data
d) Direct measure of neural activity
b) Can be used in more natural settings
What is a limitation of using dissection to study brain anatomy?
a) It’s too expensive
b) It doesn’t provide functional information
c) It can only be done on animals
d) It requires special imaging equipment
b) It doesn’t provide functional information
Which technique offers the best temporal resolution for studying brain activity?
a) fMRI
b) PET
c) EEG
d) CT scan
c) EEG
What is a major advantage of functional MRI (fMRI)?
a) It’s inexpensive
b) It provides whole-brain functional data
c) It directly measures neural activity
d) It has excellent temporal resolution
b) It provides whole-brain functional data
Which of the following techniques is typically used in animal studies due to its invasive nature?
a) MRI
b) EEG
c) In vivo electrophysiology
d) NIRS
c) In vivo electrophysiology
Which of the following best describes the relationship between brain and behavior in biopsychology?
a) Unidirectional: brain influences behavior
b) Unidirectional: behavior influences brain
c) Reciprocal: brain and behavior influence each other
d) Independent: brain and behavior are unrelated
c) Reciprocal: brain and behavior influence each other
In the nature vs. nurture debate, what does “nature” refer to?
a) Environmental factors
b) Inherited factors and genes
c) Cultural influences
d) Personal experiences
b) Inherited factors and genes
Which ancient Roman physician noted that head injuries could affect behavior?
a) Hippocrates
b) Galen
c) Aristotle
d) Plato
b) Galen
What is the term for factors that can affect how genes are expressed without changing the gene sequence?
a) Neuroplasticity
b) Epigenetics
c) Genetic drift
d) Natural selection
b) Epigenetics
Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
a) Peripheral Nervous System
b) Central Nervous System
c) Somatic Nervous System
d) Autonomic Nervous System
b) Central Nervous System
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?
a) To produce new neurons
b) To transmit electrical signals between neurons
c) To repair damaged neural tissue
d) To regulate blood flow in the brain
b) To transmit electrical signals between neurons
Which lobe of the brain is primarily associated with visual processing?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Temporal lobe
d) Occipital lobe
d) Occipital lobe
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
a) Emotion regulation
b) Language processing
c) Motor coordination and balance
d) Long-term memory storage
c) Motor coordination and balance