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#NUR1113 > Week 1: Introduction to Ethics > Flashcards

Week 1: Introduction to Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Australian Legal System

A

The legal framework in Australia consisting of three principal institutions: the executive, Parliament (legislature), and the courts (judiciary).

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2
Q

Definition

The principle of doing good and acting in the best interest of patients.

A

Define

Beneficence

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3
Q

Define

Beneficence

A

The principle of doing good and acting in the best interest of patients.

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4
Q

Define

Moral Ambiguity

A

The lack of a clear right or wrong answer in ethical problems, leading to multiple perspectives and challenging decisions.

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5
Q

Definition

Laws created and passed by Parliament, also known as statutory laws.

A

Define

Legislation (Parliamentary Law)

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6
Q

Define

Executive

A

The branch of government consisting of the Governor General and ministers, responsible for implementing laws and administering public policy.

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7
Q

Define

Non-maleficence

A

The principle of avoiding harm to patients.

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8
Q

The principle of fair and equitable treatment for all individuals.

A

Define

Justice

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9
Q

A nurse stopped at a car accident and began to provide emergency care for the injured. Ethically these actions are best labelled as:

a. Triage

b. Beneficence

c. Respect for people

d. Non-maleficence

A

A nurse stopped at a car accident and began to provide emergency care for the injured. Ethically these actions are best labelled as:

a. Triage

b. Beneficence

c. Respect for people

d. Non-maleficence

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10
Q

Definition

The study of ethical issues arising from biological nature and medical practice, involving decision-making, conduct, and policy in healthcare.

A

Define

Bioethics

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11
Q

Definition

The lack of a clear right or wrong answer in ethical problems, leading to multiple perspectives and challenging decisions.

A

Define

Moral Ambiguity

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12
Q

Definition

An approach in bioethics that uses four guiding principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice) to make ethical decisions.

A

Define

Ethical Principlism

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13
Q

Define

Teleology (Consequentialism)

A

An ethical theory that judges actions by their consequences, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number or the least harm for the greatest number.

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14
Q

Definition

The principle of self-rule, allowing individuals to make decisions without undue influence from others.

A

Define

Autonomy

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15
Q

Define

Deontology (Kantianism)

A

An ethical theory founded by Immanuel Kant, focusing on following duties and rules, where the means justify the ends, regardless of the outcomes.

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16
Q

WHEN CAN A PATIENTS AUTONOMY IN HEALTHCARE BE RESTRICTED?

a. When there is fear of self-harm to the patient/other people

b. When the head of the family makes a decision that goes against the patient’s wishes

c. When the patient wants to lodge a complaint about the care they have received

d. When the person has no health insurance

A

WHEN CAN A PATIENTS AUTONOMY IN HEALTHCARE BE RESTRICTED?

a. When there is fear of self-harm to the patient/other people

b. When the head of the family makes a decision that goes against the patient’s wishes

c. When the patient wants to lodge a complaint about the care they have received

d. When the person has no health insurance

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17
Q

Define

Health Practitioner Regulation National Act of 2009

A

Legislation that outlines the legal and professional accountability of health practitioners, including nurses and midwives, to ensure safe and competent practice.

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18
Q

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES INCLUDE:

a. Beneficence, Non-Maleficence, Veracity and Accountability

b. Justice, Autonomy, Beneficence and Non-maleficence

c. Autonomy, Justice, Veracity and Professionalism

d. Virtues, Justice, Autonomy and Beneficence

A

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES INCLUDE:

a. Beneficence, Non-Maleficence, Veracity and Accountability

b. Justice, Autonomy, Beneficence and Non-maleficence

c. Autonomy, Justice, Veracity and Professionalism

d. Virtues, Justice, Autonomy and Beneficence

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19
Q

Definition

The branch of philosophy dealing with questions of good, bad, and moral duty, providing a framework for decision-making in difficult issues.

A

Define

Ethics

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20
Q

Which of the following is the best example of moral distress?

a. Expecting a year 1 nursing student to take a patient’s blood pressure

b. Allocating a nurse who has just finished their graduate year in charge of the ward because there is no one else.

c. Assisting an elderly patient to the shower

d. Talking to a patient who is the similar age as you

A

Which of the following is the best example of moral distress?

a. Expecting a year 1 nursing student to take a patient’s blood pressure

b. Allocating a nurse who has just finished their graduate year in charge of the ward because there is no one else.

c. Assisting an elderly patient to the shower

d. Talking to a patient who is the similar age as you

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21
Q

Definition

An ethical theory founded by Immanuel Kant, focusing on following duties and rules, where the means justify the ends, regardless of the outcomes.

A

Define

Deontology (Kantianism)

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22
Q

Define

Autonomy

A

The principle of self-rule, allowing individuals to make decisions without undue influence from others.

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23
Q

Definition

The principle of avoiding harm to patients.

A

Define

Non-maleficence

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24
Q

Define

Legislation (Parliamentary Law)

A

Laws created and passed by Parliament, also known as statutory laws.

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25
Q

In accordance with Johnstone’s recommendations (2019), Nurse Joan should use the following process to guide her moral decision making:

a. Psychological assessment, problem identification, establishment of goals, action

b. Evaluation of the moral outcomes of the action

c. Clinical assessment, medical diagnosis, goal setting, implementation of action, evaluation of action

d. Assessment, problem clarification, moral goal setting, implementation, evaluation

A

In accordance with Johnstone’s recommendations (2019), Nurse Joan should use the following process to guide her moral decision making:

a. Psychological assessment, problem identification, establishment of goals, action

b. Evaluation of the moral outcomes of the action

c. Clinical assessment, medical diagnosis, goal setting, implementation of action, evaluation of action

d. Assessment, problem clarification, moral goal setting, implementation, evaluation

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26
Q

WHAT IS CONSIDERED AS UNETHICAL PRACTICE FOR STUDENTS, NURSES AND MIDWIVES?

a. Refusing to care for a patient on ethical grounds

b. Accepting a box of chocolates from a patient

c. Being late for placement/work

d. Acting outside of your scope of practice

A

WHAT IS CONSIDERED AS UNETHICAL PRACTICE FOR STUDENTS, NURSES AND MIDWIVES?

a. Refusing to care for a patient on ethical grounds

b. Accepting a box of chocolates from a patient

c. Being late for placement/work

d. Acting outside of your scope of practice

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27
Q

Definition

Laws developed through judicial decisions and precedents rather than through legislative statutes.

A

Define

Common Law (Judge-Made Law)

28
Q

Definition

The legislative branch of government responsible for making laws, consisting of elected representatives.

A

Define

Parliament (Legislature)

29
Q

Define

Ethics

A

The branch of philosophy dealing with questions of good, bad, and moral duty, providing a framework for decision-making in difficult issues.

30
Q

Definition

The legal framework in Australia consisting of three principal institutions: the executive, Parliament (legislature), and the courts (judiciary).

A

Define

Australian Legal System

31
Q

Define

Common Law (Judge-Made Law)

A

Laws developed through judicial decisions and precedents rather than through legislative statutes.

32
Q

Define

Parliament (Legislature)

A

The legislative branch of government responsible for making laws, consisting of elected representatives.

33
Q

Definition

An ethical theory that judges actions by their consequences, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number or the least harm for the greatest number.

A

Define

Teleology (Consequentialism)

34
Q

Justice in healthcare is

a. is benefits of treatment must outweigh the risks

b. is the patient’s right to decide which treatments they do or do not receive

c. is equitable allocation of healthcare resources according to need, not wealth or race

d. is whatever is done or said will do the patient no harm

A

Justice in healthcare is

a. is benefits of treatment must outweigh the risks

b. is the patient’s right to decide which treatments they do or do not receive

c. is equitable allocation of healthcare resources according to need, not wealth or race

d. is whatever is done or said will do the patient no harm

35
Q

Definition

Legislation that outlines the legal and professional accountability of health practitioners, including nurses and midwives, to ensure safe and competent practice.

A

Define

Health Practitioner Regulation National Act of 2009

36
Q

Definition

An ethical theory that emphasizes acting as a virtuous person would, based on virtues rather than rules or consequences.

A

Define

Virtue Ethics

37
Q

Define

Law

A

A set of socially sanctioned rules and principles that apply to everyone within a community, regulating behavior and including penalties for violations.

38
Q

Definition

The branch of government consisting of the Governor General and ministers, responsible for implementing laws and administering public policy.

A

Define

Executive

39
Q

Define

Bioethics

A

The study of ethical issues arising from biological nature and medical practice, involving decision-making, conduct, and policy in healthcare.

40
Q

Define

Courts (Judiciary)

A

The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws and administering justice through legal decisions.

41
Q

Define

Ethical Principlism

A

An approach in bioethics that uses four guiding principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice) to make ethical decisions.

42
Q

Define

Virtue Ethics

A

An ethical theory that emphasizes acting as a virtuous person would, based on virtues rather than rules or consequences.

43
Q

Definition

A set of socially sanctioned rules and principles that apply to everyone within a community, regulating behavior and including penalties for violations.

A

Define

Law

44
Q

Definition

The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws and administering justice through legal decisions.

A

Define

Courts (Judiciary)

45
Q

When the Australian government enforced quarantining and recommending physical distancing measures to slow the incidence rate of COVID19 infection and maximise the likelihood that health services will be able to meet demand. This moral decision was an example of:

a. Utilitarianism

b. Deontology

c. Consequentialism

d. Virtuous caring

A

When the Australian government enforced quarantining and recommending physical distancing measures to slow the incidence rate of COVID19 infection and maximise the likelihood that health services will be able to meet demand. This moral decision was an example of:

a. Utilitarianism

b. Deontology

c. Consequentialism

d. Virtuous caring

46
Q

Define

Justice

A

The principle of fair and equitable treatment for all individuals.

47
Q

Q: What is the relevance of law and ethics in nursing and midwifery practice?

A

A: They provide a framework for making decisions, ensuring accountability, and maintaining patient safety.

48
Q

Q: Name the three fundamental aspects of the Australian legal system.

A

A: Executive, Parliament (legislature), and the courts (judiciary).

49
Q

Q: List the fundamental ethical theories explored in this lecture.

A

A: Deontological, teleological, moral theory, virtue ethics, and bioethics.

50
Q

Q: What is ethics?

A

A: Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with questions of good, bad, and moral duty, providing a roadmap for decision-making in difficult issues.

51
Q

Q: Why are ethical problems often complex?

A

A: Because ethics doesn’t always provide a clear right or wrong answer, leading to multiple perspectives and moral ambiguity.

52
Q

Q: What is moral ambiguity?

A

A: The lack of a clear right or wrong answer in ethical problems, leading to challenging decisions and multiple perspectives.

53
Q

Q: How do ethics and law differ?

A

A: Law is prescriptive with rules and penalties, while ethics is guiding, intrinsic, and subjective, requiring personal decision-making.

54
Q

Q: Can ethics be universal for everyone?

A

A: No, ethics is not universal and can vary from person to person.

55
Q

Q: What are the three principal institutions of the Australian legal system?

A

A: The executive, Parliament (legislature), and the courts (judiciary).

56
Q

Q: What are the two key sources of law?

A

A: Legislation (parliamentary law) and common law (judge-made law).

57
Q

Q: Why do nurses and midwives need to understand the Health Practitioner Regulation National Act of 2009?

A

A: It ensures they are legally and professionally accountable for their actions, maintaining patient safety and adherence to standards.

58
Q

Q: What does teleology (consequentialism) judge actions by?

A

A: By their consequences, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number or the least harm for the greatest number.

59
Q

Q: Who founded deontology (Kantianism)?

A

A: Immanuel Kant.

60
Q

Q: What is the focus of virtue ethics?

A

A: Acting as a virtuous person would, based on virtues rather than rules or consequences.

61
Q

Q: What is bioethics?

A

A: The study of ethical issues arising from our biological nature and medical practice, involving decision-making, conduct, and policy in healthcare.

62
Q

Q: List some major bioethical issues.

A

A: Abortion, voluntary assisted dying, organ donation, genetic engineering, and more.

63
Q

Q: What is autonomy in ethical principlism?

A

A: Self-rule without undue influence from others.

64
Q

Q: What is beneficence?

A

A: Doing good and acting in the best interest of patients.

65
Q

Q: What does non-maleficence mean?

A

A: Avoiding harm to patients.

66
Q

Q: What is the principle of justice?

A

A: Fair and equitable treatment for all individuals.

#NUR1113 (10 decks)

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