Week 1: intro to Cog

Question 1

definition of Cognition

Answer 1

act of acquiring, organising and using information to enable adaptive, goal-directed behaviour.

Question 2

5 steps of cog agents?

something that demonstrates cog abilities

Answer 2

1) Sense and act on the environment
2) Construct mental models to represent the causal structure of their environment
3) Adapt mental models in response to feedback from their behaviour
4) Use mental models for future references
5) Form inferences to make sense of exp

Question 3

Aplysia’s contributions

Answer 3

• Simple NS tts unusually large
• biological model for how learned behaviours are encoded at the level of single cells
• more for implicit knowledge

Question 4

mental processes involved in Cognition:
(9)
PAM DRIPPE
involving mental rep.

Answer 4

perception, 
attention, 
memory, 
decision-making, 
reasoning, 
imagining, 
problem-solving, 
planning and 
executing actions.

Question 5

Mental representations refers to the format which info is _____, _____, and _____ in our minds

Answer 5

encoded, stored, and reconstructed within our minds

Question 6

Mental representations form …. …

Answer 6

the basis for sensing, acting, and thinking,

are physically implemented via neural computations

Question 7

Mental representations hierarchy:

3 lvls

Answer 7

lvl 1:Sensorimotor representations of embodied experience

lvl 2:Visual-Spatial representations and Imagery

lvl 3:Symbolic, linguistic, propositional and narrative

Question 8

Cog system criteria

Answer 8

1) coordinate its behaviours with environmental features may not be present
2) copes non-presence w. ‘stand in’ & guide behaviour
3) has a more general representational system tt allows ‘stand in’ occur systematically in relation to other related representational states.

Question 9

Ulrich Neisser emphasis the cycle of cog:

Answer 9

1) acquisition (sense/sample)
2) organisation (modify)
3) use of knowledge (direct)

and repeat! (feedback from action

Question 10

Classical Computational Theory of Cognition:

Cog defined as

Answer 10

flow of information through information processing devices that encode, store and retrieve symbolic representations of knowledge:

Elements
mental manipulation of SYMBOLS according to SYNTACTIC RULES

Question 11

Symbols (or concepts) represent:

Answer 11

our knowledge of things and events
&
our knowledge of relations betw concepts

Question 12

Natural languages

Answer 12

translate this abstract inner mental language into an expressible format

Question 13

propositional representations provides basic element of ____________ and ____________.

Answer 13

symbolic representation of knowledge and comprehension processes

Question 14

Different form of mental representation

Answer 14

Symbolic: Propositional representations

Analogue representations: Mental imagery and sensori-motor representations

Question 15

propositional framework provides symbolic code to express: (2)

Answer 15

1) the meaning of concepts and

2) relationships between concepts

Question 16

Propositions Composed of (2)

takes the form of …

Answer 16

1) predicate: relationship between elements
2) arguments: subject and object elements

predicate-argument schema
UNDER (CAT, TABLE)

Question 17

the mind represents concepts and relations among concepts in propositional form is fundamental to _________.

Answer 17

classical computational account of thought/cognition

Question 18

significance of Shepard and Metzler’s Study with Shepard’s figures.

Answer 18

1) Raised in direct opposition to the propositional representation

mind does not work exclusively with abstract symbols, but can represent objects in more directly analogous to the actual sensory experience

Question 19

Semantic Networks

Answer 19

classical view:

Hierarchical

Question 20

Analogue representations

Answer 20

Mental images are analogous to what they represent

We “manipulate” mental images similar to physically manipulate a real object.

Question 21

2 challenges to Classical approach

1 criticism

Answer 21

1) Dynamic Cognition
2) Embodied and Situated Cognition

A) provides no account for how symbols are learned

Question 22

Dynamic Cognition: Description

Answer 22

Real-time cognition as a continuously changing pattern of neuronal activity.

mental activity is also being conducted in between discrete thoughts
(sounds like prediction part of cog)

Question 23

Dynamic Cognition: Support

Answer 23

eye-tracking or computer-mouse-tracking experiments. with similar sounding words.

(also used for the bilingual exp)

Question 24

Embodied and Situated Cognition description:

Answer 24

Situated, embodied perspective on cognition

Focus on circumstances/goals/objectives

cog as a resource

Question 25

Embodied and Situated Cognition: support

Answer 25

support :
Mobots by Rodney Brooks:
sense their world and adapt to changes in their environments

Question 26

Symbol Grounding meaning

Answer 26

Abstract conceptual knowledge must be grounded (comes from) in our perceptions and interactions (feeling) with the world

The Dynamic, Embodied, Situated approach to cognition provides some solutions to this