Week 1: intro to Cog Flashcards
definition of Cognition
act of acquiring, organising and using information to enable adaptive, goal-directed behaviour.
5 steps of cog agents?
something that demonstrates cog abilities
1) Sense and act on the environment
2) Construct mental models to represent the causal structure of their environment
3) Adapt mental models in response to feedback from their behaviour
4) Use mental models for future references
5) Form inferences to make sense of exp
Aplysia’s contributions
- Simple NS tts unusually large
- biological model for how learned behaviours are encoded at the level of single cells
- more for implicit knowledge
mental processes involved in Cognition:
(9)
PAM DRIPPE
involving mental rep.
perception, attention, memory, decision-making, reasoning, imagining, problem-solving, planning and executing actions.
Mental representations refers to the format which info is _____, _____, and _____ in our minds
encoded, stored, and reconstructed within our minds
Mental representations form …. …
the basis for sensing, acting, and thinking,
are physically implemented via neural computations
Mental representations hierarchy:
3 lvls
lvl 1:Sensorimotor representations of embodied experience
lvl 2:Visual-Spatial representations and Imagery
lvl 3:Symbolic, linguistic, propositional and narrative
Cog system criteria
1) coordinate its behaviours with environmental features may not be present
2) copes non-presence w. ‘stand in’ & guide behaviour
3) has a more general representational system tt allows ‘stand in’ occur systematically in relation to other related representational states.
Ulrich Neisser emphasis the cycle of cog:
1) acquisition (sense/sample)
2) organisation (modify)
3) use of knowledge (direct)
and repeat! (feedback from action
Classical Computational Theory of Cognition:
Cog defined as
flow of information through information processing devices that encode, store and retrieve symbolic representations of knowledge:
Elements
mental manipulation of SYMBOLS according to SYNTACTIC RULES
Symbols (or concepts) represent:
our knowledge of things and events
&
our knowledge of relations betw concepts
Natural languages
translate this abstract inner mental language into an expressible format
propositional representations provides basic element of ____________ and ____________.
symbolic representation of knowledge and comprehension processes
Different form of mental representation
Symbolic: Propositional representations
Analogue representations: Mental imagery and sensori-motor representations
propositional framework provides symbolic code to express: (2)
1) the meaning of concepts and
2) relationships between concepts
Propositions Composed of (2)
takes the form of …
1) predicate: relationship between elements
2) arguments: subject and object elements
predicate-argument schema
UNDER (CAT, TABLE)
the mind represents concepts and relations among concepts in propositional form is fundamental to _________.
classical computational account of thought/cognition
significance of Shepard and Metzler’s Study with Shepard’s figures.
1) Raised in direct opposition to the propositional representation
mind does not work exclusively with abstract symbols, but can represent objects in more directly analogous to the actual sensory experience
Semantic Networks
classical view:
Hierarchical
Analogue representations
Mental images are analogous to what they represent
We “manipulate” mental images similar to physically manipulate a real object.
2 challenges to Classical approach
1 criticism
1) Dynamic Cognition
2) Embodied and Situated Cognition
A) provides no account for how symbols are learned
Dynamic Cognition: Description
Real-time cognition as a continuously changing pattern of neuronal activity.
mental activity is also being conducted in between discrete thoughts
(sounds like prediction part of cog)
Dynamic Cognition: Support
eye-tracking or computer-mouse-tracking experiments. with similar sounding words.
(also used for the bilingual exp)
Embodied and Situated Cognition description:
Situated, embodied perspective on cognition
Focus on circumstances/goals/objectives
cog as a resource
Embodied and Situated Cognition: support
support :
Mobots by Rodney Brooks:
sense their world and adapt to changes in their environments
Symbol Grounding meaning
Abstract conceptual knowledge must be grounded (comes from) in our perceptions and interactions (feeling) with the world
The Dynamic, Embodied, Situated approach to cognition provides some solutions to this
