Week 1 - Homeostasis

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the internal and external structures of the body

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of the function and vital processes that make up the human body

Question 3

Metbolism

Answer 3

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

The presence and maintenance of a stable internal environment

Question 5

What are the 2 forms of anatomy?

Answer 5

1. Microscopic - structures that can only be seen with the aid of a microscope
2. Gross (macroscopic) - structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Question 6

What are the 2 forms of metabolic reactions?

Answer 6

1. Anabolic Reactions - process where simple compunds are built up eg. growth, repair and reproduction
2. Catabolic Reactions - process where complex substances are broken down to form simpler ones eg. digestion of food

Question 7

What are some examples of Homeostatic Control Mechanisms?

Answer 7

1. Temperature
2. Water Balance
3. Electrolyte Balance
4. Blood pH
5. Blood Pressure
6. Blood Glucose Level

Question 8

What are the 3 main components of homeostatic control mechanisms?

Answer 8

1. Receptors
2. Control Center
3. Effectors

Question 9

Receptors

Answer 9

Sensors that respond to a stimulus that brings about a change in the controlled environment. They send information to the control center.

Question 10

What are some examples of receptors?

Answer 10

1. Thermoreceptors respond to changes in temperature
2. Osmoreceptors respond to changes in osmolarity
3. Chemoreceptors respond to changes in chemicals

Question 11

Control Centre

Answer 11

Determines the set point needed to maintain homeostasis. It receives information from the receptors, analyses it and sends an appropriate response to the effectors.

Question 12

Give an example of a control center.

Answer 12

The control center for temperature is located in the hypothalamus. It receives input from thermoreceptors in the form of nerve impulses.

Question 13

Effectors

Answer 13

Organs that produce an effect as a result of stimulation by the nervous system or the effect of a hormone. The purpose of effectors is to correct and imbalance. (effectors include muscles and endocrine glands as well as organs)

Question 14

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 14

Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms. They work like household thermostats in that they shut off or reduce the intensity of the original stimulus.

Question 15

Positive Feedback Mecahanisms

Answer 15

Increase the original stimulus to push the variable farther. This process occurs during child birth and blood clotting.