Week 1 - Genetics and Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crossing

Question 1

is the scientific study of genes and heredity—of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

father of Genetics

Answer 2

Gregor Johann Mendel is the modern father of Genetics.

Question 3

How did he become the father of Genetics?

Answer 3

He became well-known due to his experimentation program about heredity in his monastery which lay the mathematical foundation of the science of genetics.

Question 4

It is a type of organism that Gregor Mendel observed

Answer 4

He used the edible pea (Pisum sativum)

Question 5

Mendelian laws

Answer 5

Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation

Question 6

the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.

Answer 6

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 7

the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

Answer 7

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 8

When parents with pure, contrasting traits are crossed together, only one form of trait appears in the next generation. The hybrid offspring will exhibit only the dominant trait in the phenotype.

Answer 8

Law of Dominance

Question 9

3 types of dominance

Answer 9

Complete Dominance
Incomplete Dominance
Co-dominance

Question 10

a form of dominance in the heterozygous condition wherein the allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive.

Answer 10

Complete Dominance

Question 11

occurs when there is a relationship between the two versions of a gene, and neither is dominant over the other so they mutate to form a third phenotype.

Answer 11

Incomplete Dominance

Question 12

occurs when both alleles are dominant together and so the traits of both alleles will show up in the phenotype. Both alleles are expressed simultaneously.

Answer 12

Co-dominance

Question 13

each individual that is a diploid has a pair of alleles (copy) for a particular trait. Each parent passes an allele at random to their offspring resulting in a diploid organism.

Answer 13

Law of Segregation

Question 14

Types of hybrid crossing

Answer 14

monohybrid cross
dihybrid cross

Question 15

is defined as the cross happening in the F1 generation offspring of parents differing in one trait only. It is used to determine the dominance of genes.

Answer 15

monohybrid cross

Question 16

is its specific combination of alleles for a given gene. So, for example, in the pea plants above, the possible genotypes for the flower-color gene were red-red, red-white, and white-white.

Answer 16

genotype

Question 17

is the physical manifestation of an organism’s allellic combination (genotype).

Answer 17

phenotype

Question 18

means that the organism has two copies of the same allele for a gene.

Answer 18

Homozygous

Question 19

Homozygous Dominant if it carries two copies of the same dominant allele, or ___________ recessive, if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele.

Answer 19

Homozygous