Week 1 chapter 3(p80-92)

Question 1

conjunction error

Answer 1

Correctly detect features present but make errors re how bound together. (eg shown blue H and redT might report seeing blue T and red H). increase conjunction errors if attention reduced

Question 2

Necker Cube

Answer 2

an example of an ambiguous or reversible figure. Can be perceived either way (both are correct)

Question 3

Gestalt Principles (of organization)

Answer 3

Principles guiding automatic perception decisions catalogued by Gestalt psychologists;

1. Similarity-tend to group dots into columns as opposed rows and group by similar colour
2. Proximityperceive dots closer together as groups
3. Good continuation-tend to see continuation if makes sense, even if can only see lateral parts and middle obscured.
4. Closure tend to complete incomplete lines to see complete figures
5. Simplicity-tend to see forms in simplest version

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Question 4

a) WHAT EVIDENCE TELLS US perception goes beyond stimulus input?
b) WHAT EVIDENCE TELLS us perception of an overall form depends on the detection of features? And evidence for detection of features depending upon overall form?

Answer 4

a) can perceive eg necker cube in various ways.(input does not vary)
b) ?????

Question 5

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 5

We can percieve an object being that particular object, whether it is presented at a different view, different distance, different amount of sunlight etc.

Question 6

Shape Constancy

Answer 6

can still perceive as that object despite angle of view altering the line dimensions.(different shape presented to retina, but perceived same)

Question 7

Brightness Constancy

Answer 7

correctly perceive brightness of objects whether light is dim or strong

Question 8

Unconscious Inference

Answer 8

we are unconsiously making all sorts of comparisons, referred to here mainly in regards to being able to judge size by comparisons of distance with ourselves and other objects etc

Question 9

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 9

stated an inverse relationship between distance and retinal image size. Thus size constancy achieved. However as we are not aware of doing a calculation, deemed an unconscious inference.

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Question 10

Relationships in Size Constancy

Answer 10

Aotomatically compare relationships between objects, eg dog, chair, table, kitchen tiles etc, tio infer size (eg of dog).

Question 11

Relationship between Image Size and Distance

Answer 11

closer objects give larger retinal images

Perceived size=size of image on retina x distance between viewer and object

Question 12

Illusions-why occur

Answer 12

Misinterpretaion of the visual information.

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Question 13

test yourself

Answer 13

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