week 1 - cancer pt.3 Flashcards
what 2 things are the biggest risk factors of developing heart cancer?
HIV + smoking
What is the gene called that will tell you if you’ve genetically inherited heart cancer?
POT1 protein
What are 2 oncological emergencies related to heart cancer?
pericardial effusion -which requires pericardiocentesis
cardiac tamponade - which requires pericardiotomy (more severe)
What are the 4 kinds of hepatic cancer?
-fibrolamellar
-hepatocellular carcinoma
-intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
-hepatoblastoma
What are the clinical manifestations of hepatic cancer?
-dull, continuous pain in the RUQ
-jaundice
-weight loss
-stomach pain
-fatigue
-ABD ascites
-chalky stools
How does Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C contribute to the possible development of hepatic cancer?
the chronic infection from these viruses is causing continuous inflammation and damage to liver cells, which leads to scar tissue (cirrhosis) and eventually cancer
How does diabetes, specifically type 2 relate to liver cancer?
continuous uncontrolled high blood sugar is going to cause damage to the liver and increase the risk of cancer developing
how does aflatoxin in mold relate to liver cancer?
compounds in the mold, when ingested can cause serious liver damage. This is common contamination in crops like peanuts, corn and tree nuts
-long term alcohol use
-viruses
-delirium tremens (DT) - (this is a severe life threatening form of alcohol withdrawal)
These 3 things can cause ________, Which can eventually lead to liver cancer.
cirrhosis
what gene are we looking for hepatic cancer?
TP53
LFTs
Bilirubin
AST+ALT+GGT
Alkaline Phosphate
Lactic Dehydrogenase
CBC
These are the labs were looking at for which kind of cancer?
Hepatic/ Liver cancer
In patients with possible liver cancer their alpha fetoprotein (which is a tumor marker) is generally going to be >______ng/mL, which is proving there’s an issue.
200
TARE and TACE are both procedures used to treat liver cancer. What are they?
-Trans Arterial Radio-Embolization
tiny radioactive beads are injected into the arteries that supply the liver
-Trans Arterial Chemo-Embolization
chemotherapy and embolic drugs (block blood flow) are given right to the tumor
What are some other treatment options for liver cancer other than TARE or TACE?
stop drinking + smoking
-percutaneous placement of interstitial radiation
-implantable chemo pump
-laser hyperthermia
-immunotherapy
-inject alcohol to dry out tumor
-surgical removal of lobe
-transplant
What are 3 potential problems post op, when a patient is receiving a liver transplant?
rejection
infection
bleeding
True or False?
When a patient is receiving a liver transplant, they can either receive an entire liver donation or just a partial lobe from a live donor.
true
when a patient is getting a liver transplant its important they are on immunosuppressant therapy to do what?
this will help prevent organ rejection
What are high risk factors for developing gastric/ stomach cancer?
-smoking
-high sodium/pickled/ smoked diet
-obesity
-prior gastric surgery (this also leads to pernicious anemia and low intrinsic factor B12)
- h-pylori infection
-chronic gastritis
-type A blood
-positive EBV
_____ syndrome is a genetic syndrome that increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Lynch
TP53 gene
which vitamin will a patient need to take for the rest of their life after a gastrectomy?
vitamin B12
A patient will remain NPO after surgery until what 2 things are assessed?
peristalsis and bowel sounds
What are the signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer?
-upper ABD pain that radiated to the back
-jaundice
-loss of appetite
-weight loss
-depression
-blood clots
-insulin deficiency (DM)
What are 5 risk factors of developing pancreatic cancer?
-smoking
-industrial chemical toxins
-high fat/ meat diet
-diabetes
-pancreatitis
Will the patient with pancreatic cancer have different treatment depending on if the cancer is in the head, body or tail of the pancreas?
yes