endocrine disorders ----- (PREP-U)

Question 1

An enlarged thyroid AKA a goiter, is commonly associated with over secretion of thyroid hormones. But is most common with a deficiency in what?

Answer 1

Iodine

due to living in a region that lacks iodine

Question 2

Why does being iodine deficient cause goiter?

Answer 2

not enough iodine = decreased thyroxine, which causes the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH

Question 3

Acromegaly is too much ________ _________ in adulthood, causing bones and tissue to grow abnormally large.

-fatigue
-headaches
-vision problems
-thickened skin
-joint issue
are also common manifestations

Answer 3

growth hormone (mostly caused by a tumor on the pituitary gland)

Question 4

Which gland is known as the Master Gland?

Answer 4

The pituitary gland

Question 5

What is the most common complication of primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 5

kidney stones - because excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) cause the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream and there is too much calcium that the kidneys cant filter out fast enough

Question 6

pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla, what manifestations will we see with the excess catecholamine (IE. epinephrine + norepinephrine) production?

Answer 6

headache
diaphoresis
palpitations

Question 7

You will see hypocalcemia in a patient with hypoparathyroidism, what 2 physical signs might you assess that would indicate hypocalcemia?

Answer 7

1. Chvostek’s sign - when you tap on the facial nerve and that side of the face twitches or contracts involuntarily = positive
2. Trousseau’s sign - when you inflate the BP cuff and the hand and wrist of that arm involuntarily flex or twitch inward

Question 8

Myxedema is a severely decompensated state of severe ______________ that can lead to coma. The patient will present hypothermic, overall decompensated and unconscious.

Answer 8

hypothyroidism

Question 9

If a patient is showing a decreased calcium level, which gland needs to be assessed for dysfunction?

Answer 9

the parathyroid gland

Question 10

Is hypothermia, hypotension, hypoventilation and bradycardia manifestations of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?

Answer 10

hypothyroidism

Question 11

What vitamin does there need to be enough of in order for parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium?

Answer 11

vitamin D

Question 12

arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) also known as Diabetes Insipidus. What kind of manifestations will you see with this?

Answer 12

hypotension
polyuria
polydipsia
poor skin turgor
dry mucous membranes

Question 13

Acromegaly AKA hyperpituitarism is when growth hormone is over secreted after the epiphyses of the long bones have sealed. What are some of the S+S associated?

Answer 13

-huge lower jaw
-bulging forehead
-large hands + feet
-frequent headaches
-thick lips + tongue
-bulbous nose

Question 14

_________ is when growth hormone is oversecreted before puberty.

Answer 14

Gigantism

Question 15

Hyperthyroidism increases your metabolism, what 2 manifestations would you see in a patient associated with that?

Answer 15

increased appetite and weight loss