Week 1: Biochemistry I Flashcards
Functional Group
Group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds.
Carbohydrates
CH2O
Sugars and starches.
Monosaccharides
Smallest unit of carbohydrate
Simple sugars.
Pentose Sugar
Mono.
Deoxyribose, ribose.
Hexose Sugar
Mono.
Glucose, fructose,
Isomers
Compounds with same molecular formula, but different structures and properties.
Glucose
Main energy supplying molecule.
Glycogen
Excess glucose stored in the body for later use.
Disaccharides
2 mono’s joined together via covalent bond by dehydration synthesis.
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose.
Hydrolysis
Polymers split into monomers by hydrolysis.
Bonds broken, donates water, hydrogen to one monomer, hydroxyl group to another.
Polysaccharides
Many mono’s together covalently.
Starch, glycogen (highly branched), cellulose.
Lipids
Mainly CH but also O
Ex: Stearic Acid
Fatty Acids
Non-polar.
Building block for other lipids.
Carboxylic acid with hydrocarbon chain.
3 Types of Lipids
Triglyceride, Steroid, Phospholipid.
Triglyceride
Glycerol molecule, 3 fatty acid chains.
Formed by dehydration reaction.
Phospholipids
Polar head, non polar tail.
Phosphate group, glycerol, fatty acids.
Major component of cell membrane.
Steroids
4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings with assortment of functional groups.
ex: cholesterol, bile salts, sex hormones,
Functions of Fats
Storage of energy, Components of cell membranes, component of bile, Fat soluble vitamins, hormones, insulation and protection.
Saturated Fats
Single bonds between carbon atoms.
Long straight chain
Solid.
Unsaturated Fats
One or more double bonds between carbons, some only have one hydrogen, chain bends.
Softer/Liquid Fats.
Polyunsaturated Fats
2 or more double bonds per fatty acid molecule.
Beneficial in controlling levels of blood cholesterol.
Ex: sunflower oil.
Phosphlipid Structure
2 fatty acids.
phosphate group instead of third fatty acid.
Hydrophillic head, hydrophobic tail.
