Week 1 and 2: Theories and Intro to Health Psychology Flashcards
Health Psychology
application of psych discipline of theory, research and practice for the promotion and maintenance of health, prevention and treatment of illnesses and diseases
Clinical Health Psych
diagnosing and treating health conditions and addressing the psychosocial consequences of physical conditions
Aim of Clinical Health Psych
increase adherence, prevent chronic illnesses, assist with tx, and assist with adjusting to a new life of living with health conditions
Occupational Health Psych
subspecialty that focuses on prevention and management of workplace stress, injury, and maintenance of workers
Community Health Psych
public health and psychology
Health
#1 the absence of illness and disease #2 ability to cope with life #3 balance between person and life/their environment
Health Behaviour
any action a person takes for prevention
behavioural patterns for health management, prevention, restoration, management, and improvement
activity for preventing, detecting, supporting health and well-being
Biopsychological Model
the foundation of comprehensive medicine by George Engel in 1977
link of stress on the body and mental stress, biological, socio-cultural and psychological aspects make up who a person is
nervous, endocrine and immune systems are connected
Biomedical Model
an illness is an abnormal bodily process with physical and social factors that are mostly independent of the disease process
used to be heavily favoured in medicine and now only dimwit doctors use this model
Stress
illness and the mental connection was an idea developed in WWs
body and or mind is faced with challenges which causes a response from both aspects of the person
Mental Status
affected by all bodily systems physiology and affects each other
Psychoneuroimmunology
study of endocrine, nervous and immune system interact and are connected
Mood States Post-Injury Model
Profile of Mood States or POMS
measures negative mood where the higher the score, the worse the mood
Stages of the POMS
Tension/anxiety Depressed mood Anger Fatigue Confusion Vigour- the only one where you want to score high
Ethnography
understanding of change in groups and cultures behaviours, beliefs and values that are qualitative
Grounded Theory
developing a theory to explain a phenomenon and how a person makes sense of an event
Phenomenology
in-depth understanding of how a phenomenon and how a person makes sense of an event
Theoretical Perspective
the philosophical stance that is informing the methodology
Ontology
studying concepts of existence, being and reality
Epistemology
theory of knowledge
Theory
system of ideas that explains concepts
Methodology
system of methods in an area of study
Attitudes
learned disposition to respond in a framework or unfavourable manner with a respect to an item of interest
Intention
motivation to engage in behaviours
Health Belief Model
the readiness in acting against a health condition is a function of one’s beliefs and their perceptions of severity, susceptibility, motivation, benefits and barriers
Critiques and Benefits of the Health Belief Model
lacks coherence
static model
cues and perceptions are not often shown in health models so this is good
can show how rational beings can make irrational actions
subjective and objective
what is a risk to you may just be another Thursday to others
can you assume intention=behaviours?
Social Cognitive Factors
enduring characteristics of a person gathered from social interactions and the ability to differentiate a person from demographics
Main Assumption of Health Models
assumes the person is a rational decision-maker does not always account for outliers, and something of value is at stake
Social Cognitive Theory
three-way model of personal factors, environmental influences, and behaviour for one way, reinforcement, observational learning, self-control and self-efficacy are the central aspects of the model
helps explain the socio-cultural and personal determents of health and framework for understanding the interaction of factors and health behaviours
Social Cognitive Model
motivation is a function of risk and evaluations of health, demographic characteristics are related to health behaviours as non-modifiable aspects
Beliefs
enduring characteristics, acquired through socialization
Self-Efficacy
develops through social experiences, observing others and personal experiences
Theory of Planned Behaviour
expansion of the formulation of the theory of reasoned action, dominated by three separate beliefs normative, behavioural and control
all of the beliefs lead to intention and then influences behaviour depending on how much control they have over their life
Normative Beliefs
subjective norms of society
Behavioural Belief
favourable or unfavourable attitudes towards a behaviour, the attitude of a person
Control Belief
perceived behavioural control that then leads to the actual behaviour
Limitations of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
geared towards changing, not preventing
iffy scholarly support
the theory is only partially integrated
The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation/Illness Regulation
describes the way people process and cope with health threats
form a lay view of their health based on the info given and guides their coping
view of health is made up of a timeline, consequences, benefits, emotions and control over the situation
Cognitive Behavioural Perspective
used to develop the understanding of depression in the clinical setting, internal sensations, and external events with thoughts, behaviours and emotions
Transtheoretical Model of Behavioural Change
addresses pop needs and are found on stages of change
pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and the optional last one termination or relapse
someone is always in a stage and most at-risk populations are not prepared
Pre-Contemplation
action isn’t needed in the foreseeable future and may not be informed of the risks with behaviours
Contemplation
where change must happen in <6months, aware or becoming aware of the pros and cons of changing
ambivalence can lead to procrastination
Preparation
action is intended upon in the immediate future and significant steps are being taken
plan of action exists
Action
specific modifications in life have been made
Maintenance
working ot prevent relapse, greater than self-efficacy over >6months to 5 years
Termination
temptation is gone and 100% self-efficacy
Relapse/Regression
not part of the OG but is when you take steps backwards and regress to a different stage
Processes of Change in the Transtheoretical Model
conscious raising dramatic relief self-re-evaluation environmental re-evaluation social liberation self-efficacy increasing counter conditioning helping relationships stimulus control reinforcement management
Assumptions of the Transtheoretical Model
behaviour is change over time in a sequence of stages linearly
stages are stable and very little open to change
specific principles and processes of change need to be emphasized at specific stages
Protection Motivation Theory
developed to understand the impact of fear appraisals, expand more general persuasive communications and impact of attitudes and behaviours
intrinsic and extrinsic rewards impacted by severity and vulnerability leads to threat appraisal
self-efficacy and response efficacy leads to response costs and coping appraisals
protective motivation leads to the behaviouir
