Stress Coping and Health Flashcards
Stress
negative emotional experience with predictable responses and directed towards altering or accommodations
mind and body relationship with personal contextual factors
environmental balance and maintaining/not maintaining homeostasis
Stress Response
stressor knocks the body out of homeostasis, then the body tries to maintain homeostasis
Walter Cannon
1932 dude determined fight or flight where sympathetic and endocrine system prep for survival
stress in health
Hans Selye
1930s where stress is scientific with one definition and defined General Adaptation Syndrome to explain those physical conditions and changes
found that with his biochemist buddy
General Adaptation Syndrome GAS
alarm phase is reacting to the stressor
resistance phase is where the body is coping and fighting the stressors
exhaustion phase is the optional avoiding that one where the body is depleted of those resources
GAS Problems and Critiques
limited psychosocial factors
reducing importance of appraisals
assumes stress has the same response all around
Pituitary Gland Purpose
secrete corticosteroids increase protein and fat metabolism increase energy access inhibit antibodies formation and inflammation regulate sodium retention
Adrenal Medulla Purpose
increase HR and RR decrease digestion dilate pupils increase blood flow to muscles vasodilation
Homeostasis
optimal levels, number and amount for any measure in the body that is achieved through systematic and local regulatory mechanisms
Allostasis
physiological system fluctuates in response to stress that is context dependent and has multiple methods
coordinating body wide changes and regulation in anticipation of and following stress
Chronic Stress
causes decreased immune functioning, inhibit growth, at increased risk for illness, and impact reproductive systems
Allostasis Load
build up of stress response over time due to repeated exposure to stress and causes premature aging
Primary Appraisals
how fucked are we?
Secondary Appraisals
can we deal?
Physiological Effects of Stress
increased lipids
increased BP
increased hormonal activity
decreased immune response
Other Effects of Stress
Increasing use of substances decreased compliance increased delay in care dismissal of symptoms decreased likelihood of care
Coping
process of managing demands that are taxing or exceeding resources
Types of Resources for Coping
emotional equilibrium decreasing harmful environment and harmful factors personality factors social supports problem managing tangible resources like money
Personality Factors on Coping
Neuroticism is more inclined negative coping
agreeableness is more inclined positive coping
Extraversion is more inclined positive coping
Conscientiousness is more inclined for positive coping
Openness to experienced is more inclined positive coping
Coping Style
person’s preferred method of coping with stressful situations
avoidance vs approaching
problem focused vs emotion focused
Effects of Social Supports
higher levels of social supports decrease distress, likelihood of disease, likelihood of needing and accessing healthcare, severe cases and risk of mortality
lower levels leads to decreased adherence, increasing healthcare access and self-esteem
Inferential Social Support
providing guidance to person to support problem solving
Instrumental Social Supports
directly helping person to problem solve
Emotional Social Supports
caring behaviors to help person manage emotions
Appraisal Social Supports
helping person identify the stressor and potential coping options
Negative Coping Dimensions
substance use, withdrawal/isolation, negative emotion, and wishful thinking
Positive Coping Dimensions
problem solving, emotional focused, instrumental, and cognitive rest
Common Sense Model
demographic and physiological variables that lead to how do we deal with and respond to physical signs of stress with a cognitive appraisal that emerged from fear studying
perceived reality of stress and health of threat leads to emotional reaction and goes around
Critiques of Common Sense Model
assumes person is problem solver
illness represent will guide the coping and appraisals
representations may not align with medical facts
Illness Representation
identity, cause and likelihood leads to risk, consequences and controllability leads to severity which all sums it up
representations, behaviour, benefits, and emotional responses are not static relationships
Mindfulness
enhanced recognition of distractors and enhanced ability to refocus one’s attention, immersion in the moment
attention and awareness in one’s present moment experience
adopting an attitude of openness or acceptance towards one’s experience
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
15 item scale is designed to assess a core characteristic of mindfulness
Mindful Process
schema, cognitive fusion and cognitive diffusion
