Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Rol of accounting information is useful, when

A

the information is used by investors

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2
Q

What are the two roles of accounting

A

Information role and stewardship role

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3
Q

Benoem 2 type informatie assymetrie

A

Adverse selection and Moral Hazard

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4
Q

Adverse selection, relevantie of betrouwbaarheid?

A

Relevantie

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5
Q

Moral Hazard, relevantie of betrouwbaarheid?

A

Betrouwbaarheid

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6
Q

Wat is informatie assymetrie?

A

Sommige partijen hebben een informatievoordeel ten opzichte van anderen

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7
Q

Wat is adverse selection?

A

Bij adverse selection heeft de ene partij kennis waarover de andere partij niet beschikt (inside information). Hierbij kan accounting als mechanisme worden gezien om investeerders te informeren. De rol van accounting is information role.

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8
Q

Wat is moral hazard?

A

BIj moral hazard kunnen sommigen partijen, de acties van anderen niet observeren terwijl deze acties de belangen van alle partijen beinvloeden. Hierbij kan accounting de basis vormen voor het belonen van de prestaties van managers en daardoor te laten motiveren. De rol van accounting is stewardship role.

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9
Q

Welke kosten hangen samen met adverse selection?

A

Cost of capital

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10
Q

Welke kosten hangen samen met moral hazard?

A

Agency costs

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11
Q

Wat is de rol van accounting?

A

Het reduceren van informatie assymetrie

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12
Q

Information perspective on decision usefullness

A

is veel informatie beschikbaar stellen dus full disclosure

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13
Q

Measurement perspective on decision usefullness

A

accountants nemen meer verantwoordelijkheid voor de present value

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14
Q

Rol of accounting bij adverse selection is

A

to provide as much as possible information to make an informed decision

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15
Q

Rol of accounting bij moral hazard is

A

to provide information to make the most of your investment

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16
Q

De afweging tussen relevantie en betrouwbaarheid waarbij relevante informatie investeerders in staat stelt de toekomstige vooruitzichten in te schatten en waarbij betrouwbare informatie juist is en vrij van manipulatie door management

A

De afweging tussen relevantie en betrouwbaarheid waarbij relevante informatie investeerders in staat stelt de toekomstige vooruitzichten in te schatten en waarbij betrouwbare informatie juist is en vrij van manipulatie door management

17
Q

Income =

A

the change in value of the firm

18
Q

Economic concept of income =

A

recognize all costs and benefits as soon as these are expected

19
Q

Formule van economic concept of income =

A

Income = Vt - Vt-1 + dt, waarbij d de netto dividenden zijn

20
Q

Ideal condition under certainty

A

Future cashflows are known, therefore no need for accounting

21
Q

Ideal conditions under uncertainty

A
  1. A given fixed interest rate at which the firms future cash flows are discounted
  2. A completely and publicly know set states of nature
  3. State probabilities objective and publicly known
  4. State realization publicly observable
22
Q

Realisation principle

A

recognize profits as soon as these are realized

23
Q

Vertrouwen op macro niveau

A

Accounting standards, quality of education en governance

24
Q

Vertrouwen op firm niveau

A

geschiedenis, governance, restatements