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CD > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is speech and voice?

A

specific to sounds of the mouth used for communication

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2
Q

What happened in the evolution of the human vocal tract?

A

Babies’ vocal tract is above their throat, preventing choking. As humans get older, their larynx descends into the vocal tract and lifts each time one swallows, etc.

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3
Q

What is a drawback to the evolution of the human vocal tract?

A

Airway protection has increased the risk of choking, and aspiration pneumonia

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4
Q

What is cerebral differentiation?

A

the separation of different structures for different purposes in the brain

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5
Q

Where are the major areas of language in the brain?

A

on the left hemisphere (considered the dominant one)

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6
Q

What happens if cerebral dominance isn’t found in a person?

A

both sides fight for dominance in processing, often resulting in dysfluent speech like stuttering, or extensive word-retrieval problems

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7
Q

What is the area in the anterior side of the brain responsible for expressive language?

A

Broca’s area

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8
Q

What is expressive language?

A

grammar, syntax, whether verbal or using signs, as well as speech production

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9
Q

What is the area in the more posterior side of the brain responsible for receptive language?

A

Wernicke’s area

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10
Q

What is receptive language?

A

that which is involved with comprehension of sound

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11
Q

What role does the arcuate fasciculus play?

A

it is an “arch of fibres” that connect the two areas of the brain for (hopefully) smooth communication

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12
Q

All apes, chimpanzees and even infants younger than 3 months cannot produce what?

A

a complete range of formant frequencies to produce speech

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13
Q

Man’s ancestors evolved to produce speech by the descent of the ______ into the _______ _________ allowing the _____ to occupy a higher and more forward position

A

larynx
vocal tract
tongue

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14
Q

What gained a wider range of motion in evolution for speech?

A

the jaw

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15
Q

What does the vocal tract lead to?

A

the trachea and the lungs

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16
Q

Why is it dangerous if there is an opening into the vocal tract for food, water, etc.?

A

increases the risk of food, water, and bacteria getting in, increasing the risk of choking and even aspiration pneumonia, causing death

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17
Q

What is dysphasia?

A

having a dysfunction of language

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18
Q

What is aphasia?

A

having a loss of language

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19
Q

What is the left side of the brain responsible for regarding speech sounds?

A

rapid processing, like “p” or “g”

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20
Q

What is the right side of the brain responsible for regarding speech?

A

slower processing, like “a” or “l”

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21
Q

What is the 2nd communication challenge? That of…

A

language comprehension

22
Q

What is the third communication challenge? That of…

A

expressive language

23
Q

What is the fourth communication challenge? That of…

A

voice production/resonance

24
Q

What is the fifth communication challenge? That of…

A

fluency of speech production

25
Q

What is the sixth communication challenge? That of…

A

communicative-cognitive skills/sogial pragmatics

26
Q

What is the seventh communication challenge? That of…

A

pre-literacy and literacy skills (reading)

27
Q

What group tends to have more communication challenges?

A

young boys

28
Q

What do young boys have more prevalence for that is under an overall decline?

A

stuttering, stammering, or other speech problems

29
Q

What increases the relative risk of children having specific language impairment by parent’s level of education?

A

parental education less than high school is three-fold that of postsecondary parents

30
Q

What is the problem with assuming language impairment is associated with parents’ level of education?

A

it can also be involved with tobacco smoking, breast feeding, and/or other issues

31
Q

What age group is more likely to have voice challenges?

A

teachers dealing with children due to screaming in the playground

32
Q

What is vocal fry?

A

pitch that has dropped so low usually due to excessive use

33
Q

What is an ABA therapist?

A

an individual who works with people with ASD

34
Q

What is SLI?

A

specific language impairment

35
Q

What do Speech-language pathologists assess?

A

communication and swallowing challenges

36
Q

What do Speech-language pathologists do intervention for?

A

communication and swallowing challenges

37
Q

What do Speech-language pathologists do with students and professionals?

A

provide education and supervision, as well as for supportive personnel

38
Q

What do Speech-language pathologists do with and to other professionals?

A

consult with and refer to them

39
Q

What do Speech-language pathologists do in universities?

A

training and research

40
Q

What do Speech-language pathologists do with administration?

A

management and policy development

41
Q

What do audiologists do?

A

assess and do interventions for hearing and balance challenges

42
Q

What do audiologists do with students and professionals?

A

provide education and supervise, including support personnel

43
Q

Who tends to support speech-language pathologists?

A

communications disorders assistants

44
Q

Who is licensed for evaluation or treatment design, and who isn’t?

A

SLPs are, communications disorders assistants aren’t

45
Q

Where else can SLPs be found?

  • schools
  • home-based settings
  • long-term care facilities
  • private clinics
  • universities
  • professional associations
A

hospitals

46
Q

What is the first area of interest in SLP’s work?

A

diagnostic challenges

47
Q

What is the second area of interest in SLP’s work?

A

crisis management

48
Q

What is the third area of interest in SLP’s work?

A

linguistics, neurology and psychology concerns

49
Q

What is the fourth area of interest in SLP’s work?

A

personal contact with clients and families

50
Q

What is the fifth challenge of SLP’s work?

A

service profession

CD (6 decks)

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