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Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What DSM had autistic disorder in a branch of pervasive developmental disorders?

A

4

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2
Q

What other syndrome was under pervasive developmental disorders in DSM-IV?
autistic disorder
Rett syndrome
pervasive developmental disorder - not otherwise specified, and Rett syndrome

A

Asperger syndrome

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3
Q

What is a missing core characteristic of ASD?
impairment in social interaction
impairments in communication (e.g., speech and language delays)

A

restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour

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4
Q

What is a missing disorder in DSM-5 that we talked about?
ASD
communication disorders
specific learning disorder

A

intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)

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5
Q

What replaces the term “mental retardation” in the DSM-5, and what disorder is it associated with?

A

intellectual disability, and is intellectual development disorder

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6
Q

What relies mroe on adaptive functioning rather than on specific IQ scores (disorder)?

A

intellectual development disorder

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7
Q

What disorder is an example of communication disorders?
language disorder
speech sound disorder
childhood-onset fluency disorder

A

social (pragmatic) communication disorder

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8
Q

What is defined as changing from expressive and mixed receptive-expressive language disorder?

A

communication disorders

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9
Q

What type of language is difficulty with word retrieval?

A

expressive language

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10
Q

What type of language is formulation difficulties?

A

expressive language

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11
Q

What type of language is “scripted” language e.g., song lyrics?

A

expressive language

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12
Q

What type of language is intereference of “special interests” in ASD?

A

expressive language

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13
Q

What type of language is difficulty with pronouns in ASD?

A

expressive language

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14
Q

What type of language is difficulty with narrative organization?

A

expressive language

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15
Q

What type of language is diffculty with turn-taking/pragmatics of language?

A

expressive language

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16
Q

What type of language is struggling with non-verbal communication e.g., eye contact, personal space, etc.?

A

expressive language

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17
Q

Autism spectrum disorder eliminates _ developmental disorder and its subcategories (autistic disorder, Rett’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger’s disease, and others not specified)

A

pervasive

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18
Q

Children meeting the criteria that was originally under pervasive developmental disorder with varying degrees of severity without relating to spoken language is

A

autism spectrum disorder

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19
Q

What combines diagnoses of reading disorder, disorder of written expression, mathematics disorders, and those not specified?

A

specific learning disorder

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20
Q

What recognizes the need to use a variety of culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment tools and strategies and does not require use of a standardized measure?

A

specific learning disorder

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21
Q

What disorder does not include oral language?

A

specific learning disorder

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22
Q

What disorder has no reference to modalities of language?

A

specific learning disorder

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23
Q

What is another name for autistic spectrum disorder?

A

social communication disorder

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24
Q

What disorder presents ritualistic/repetitive behaviours and interests as a deciding factor in its diagnosis?

A

autism spectrum disorder

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25
Q

What requires a genetic test that originally belonged to the disorders under rpervasive developmental disorder?

A

Rett’s syndrome

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26
Q

What disorder falls under autism spectrum disorder as age of possible regression will be raised?

A

childhood disintegrative disorder

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27
Q

What disorder presents qualitative impairment in social interaction, normal iq, normal to advanced language form and content, as well as specialized, compelling “interests”?

A

Asperger’s Syndrome

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28
Q

What do these describe?
marked impairment in multiple nonverbal behaviours
failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
lack of spontaneous desire to establish relationships with other people
lack of social or emotional reciprocity?

A

qualitative impairment in social interaction as a part of Asperger’s syndrome

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29
Q

What is a missing diagnostic criterium for ASD, according to the DSM5?
persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across a variety of contexts
restricted, repetitive behaviours and sensory concerns
symptoms occur during early development
symptoms are clinically significant on a functional level

A

deficits are not better explained by intellectual disability

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30
Q

What is a missing diagnostic criterium for ASD, according to the DSM5?
restricted, repetitive behaviours and sensory concerns
symptoms occur during early development
symptoms are clinically significant on a functional level
deficits are not better explained by intellectual disability

A

persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across a variety of contexts

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31
Q

What is a missing diagnostic criterium for ASD, according to the DSM5?
restricted, repetitive behaviours and sensory concerns
persistent deficits in social communication/interaction across a variety of contexts
deficits are not better explained by intellectual disability

A

symptoms occur during early development

symptoms are clinically significant on a functional level

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32
Q

Severeity of what must be specified in diagnosing ASD?

A

development/maintenance of social relationships, reciprocity, and/or nonverbal communication

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33
Q

What behaviours are specified for their severity according to diagnosing ASD?

A

restricted, repetitive behaviours and sensory concerns

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34
Q

What may only become apparent as social demands increase?

A

symptoms during early development that precipidate diagnostic criterium for ASD

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35
Q

Of the 3 severity ratings for diagnosing ASD, what level/s require support?

A

all of them

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36
Q

Of the 3 severity ratings for diagnosing ASD, what does level 3 signifiy?

A

requiring very substantial support, more associated with DSM, general iq, and possible cognitive impairment

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37
Q

Of the 3 severity ratings for diagnosing ASD, what does level 2 signifyy?

A

requiring substantial support, most likely due to increased anxiety

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38
Q

What criteria for diagnosing ASD requiries severity ratings?

A

social interaction and restricted, repetitive behaviours

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39
Q

Can a child with ASD also have intellectual disabilities?

A

yes

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40
Q

Can a child with ASD also have language impairment?

A

yes

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41
Q

Can a child with ASD also have associated neurodevelopmental, menta or behavioural disorders?

A

yes

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42
Q

What is sometimes prescribed for catatonia in ASD?

A

ect

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43
Q

What type of behaviour is not included in social (pragmatic) communication disorder?

A

stereotypies

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44
Q

What is a missing component of social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
persistent difficulties with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
affects social participation, relationships, academic/occupational achievement
onset in early development but may become apparent only when social demands increase

A

symptoms nto attributable to other medical or neurological conditions including ASD, intellectual disability, etc.

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45
Q

What is a missing component of social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
symptoms nto attributable to other medical or neurological conditions including ASD, intellectual disability, etc.
affects social participation, relationships, academic/occupational achievement
onset in early development but may become apparent only when social demands increase

A

persistent difficulties with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication

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46
Q

What is a missing component of social (pragmatic) communication disorder?
symptoms nto attributable to other medical or neurological conditions including ASD, intellectual disability, etc.
affects social participation, relationships,
onset in early development but may become apparent only when social demands increase

A

academic/occupational achievement

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47
Q 
What are possible additional diagnoses for social pragmatic communication disorder? 
social phobia
dysfluency
intellectual disability
ASDHD
language disabilities and
A

speech sound disabilities

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48
Q

What type of speech sound disabilities are associated with SCD?

A

NOT structural (NOT cleft palate, hearing loss, selective mutism or dysarthria)

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49
Q

What type of language idsabilities are associated with SCD?

A

repective, expressive and mixed

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50
Q

Why are girls better at hiding ASD?

A

usually more ahead than boys in acquiring social skills

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51
Q

Up to _ % children may remain nonverbal, according to the Autism developmental disabilities monitoring network

A

40

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52
Q

_ of children are intellectually challenged in ASD kids

A

30 - 51%

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53
Q

What ratio of boys to girls are associated with aSD?

A

3 or 4 to 1

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54
Q

What differences/integration are co-morbid with ASDs?

A

anxiety and sensory differences/initegration

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55
Q

Why is the genetic component of ASD controversial?

A

genetic counselling can have parents monitor whether child has it, and those with the condition argue that is unethical

56
Q

what are the potential causes of ASD?
genetics
neurological
course of development

A

environmental influences

57
Q

Genetics using _ and _ studies suggest a likely predisposition for ASD, with comorbity higher in _ compared to _

A

family and twin studies

higher in identical than fraternal twins

58
Q

The genes implicated with ASD are

A

7, 15, 17

59
Q

What production is associated with ASD at the genetic level, and is associated with anxiety and its modalities?

A

serotonin and oxytocin production

60
Q

Both genetic and non genetic factors exist in _

A

heritability

61
Q

Abnormal regulation of brain growth in autism results in early _ followed by abnormally _ growth

A

overgrowth followed by abnormally slow groth in teens

62
Q

By what year is Theory of Mind/mindblindness associated with ASD?

A

2 years old

63
Q

Theory of mind suggests that it is depends on how one is raised, and the type of language one is exposed to - _ children who were raised by _ parents experiences less ToM than those born to _ parents - experience a greater range of communication methods as opposed to _ parents

A

DEAF children who were raised by HEARING parents experienced less ToM than those born to DEAF parents - experience a greater range of communication methods (some hearing parents never learn sign languaeg), as opposed to DEAF parnts

64
Q

ASD is associated with Overgrowth of _ compared to _ with differences in connectivity between the _ and cortical areas within each hemisphere

A

more white than grey matter, and different connections between hemispheres (interhemispherical)

65
Q

ASD is associated with damage to the _, _, and _

A

prefrontal cortex, limbic system and brainstem

66
Q

ASD is associated with _ deficits (loss of _ early in development)

A

cerebellar deficitis

loss of neurons early in development

67
Q

ASD is associated with _ cell density (nerve cells were?/not? pruned back as happens in typical brain development)

A

increased cell density and NOT ENOUGH pruning as in typical brain development

68
Q

ASD is associated with excess _

A

dopamine

69
Q

ASD is associated with abnormal connectivity between brain cells responsible for _, facial expressio and _ processing

A

imitation, facial expression, and sensory processing

70
Q

What do mirror neurons do?

A

movemet activates others’ similar cognitive process as though they also did it (e.g., confederate moving his arms alerts mirror neurons of participant, as if she was moving too)

71
Q

Neurobiological differences in ASD are associated with evidence of _ processes affecting dbrain development

A

autoimmune

72
Q

What are possible developmental causes in ASD?

medical conditions like seizures, difficult delivery and/or delayed breathing at birth, and

A

decelopment concerns shown by 2nd year, not apparent before and not sure whether triggered by a virus or not…

73
Q

Do “refrigerator mothers” cause autism?

A

fuck no

74
Q

What medication is potentially associated with ASD, and is used for seizures?

A

valproate

75
Q

Do vaccines cause ASD?

A

fuck no

76
Q

What is associated with ASD, re FAS?

A

alcohol

77
Q

Infections associated with ASD are rubella, or _, a bad cold

A

cytomegalovirus

78
Q

Environmental pollutants such as food sources, air quality and _ are potentially associated with ASD

A

plastics exposure

79
Q

There is/are only one?/several? genese predispoing an individual for the development of specific symptoms of ASD

A

several

80
Q

Identifiable genetic conditions may account for _ to _ % of ASD cases

A

10 to 20%

81
Q

Siblings of children have a _ likelihood of being diagnosed with an ASD, or to have isolated symptoms

A

higher likelihood of ASD

82
Q

T or F: children born prematurely and at very low birthweights are at risk of ASD

A

true

83
Q

Which study funded by the National Institutes of Health will be able to examine the exposures of ASD in children, and didn’t find a link between vaccines and autism

A

National Children’s Study

84
Q

What may help explain why people with autism have difficulties with learning and understanding social interaction?

A

identifying abnormal connectivity between brain cells responsible for imitation, facial expression and sensory processing (imitation is for creating bonds, facial expression is for reading emotions and sensory processing is involved with knowing how to react

85
Q

What differences are highly variable (typical to highly challenged), and associated with tonal differences in ASD kids?

A

motor differences

86
Q

What is associated with highly variability, poor body image/proprioception/coordination, tonal differences, and affecting walking, running and jumping?

A

gross motor skills deficitis in ASD

87
Q

What is associated with high variability, poor proprioception/coordination, tonal differences, difficulties with cutting, drawing, writing, can impact ability to use sign language, and may require adaptive computer technologies?

A

fine motor skills deficits in ASD kids

88
Q

What limb concern is associated with ASD?

A

limb dyspraxia

89
Q

What are relied upon for assessment of communication skills in ASD kids?

A

parent reports and Freefield method

90
Q

Waht are freefield assessments?

A

noting how the kid plays and monitoring compared to standards

91
Q

What type of testing is used for assessing ASD kids’ communication skills?

A

standardized testing

92
Q

Whatis emphasized first when assessing ASD kids’ communication skills?

A

prelinguistic behaviours and play development (freefield)

93
Q

What is emphasized after assessing prelinguistic behaviours and play style when assessing ASD kids’ communication skills?

A

speech and language content, particularly socio-pragmatic aspect of language

94
Q

Whatis emphasized after assessing speech and language content and form, when assessing ASD kids’ communication skills?

A

higher level languagel functions

95
Q

What higher level language functions are assessed when looking at ASD kids’ communication skills?

A

idiomatic language and narrative development

96
Q

What needs to be the priority when assessing communication skills in children as they become teens and adults with ASD?

A

pragmatics/social language use

97
Q

What are the speech production characteristics of ASD?

A

they can vary; they can be typical, flat, or even highly dynamic

98
Q

What would reading very quickly for a 2 or 3 year old, yet poor comprehension be associated with?

A

an underlying oral-motor problem, especially developmetnal verbal dyspraxia

99
Q

What would reading very quickly for a 2 or 3 year old, yet poor comprehension be associated with?

A

hyperlexia

100
Q

Is dysarthria typical for ASD?

A

no

101
Q

Can kids have phonological delay with ASD?

A

yes

102
Q

Tor F: ASD kids often have difficulties with phonemic awareness skills for reading (most often sight word readers)

A

true

103
Q

Poor phonological representations and organization lead to word retrieval difficulties and

A

general verbal formulation challenges

104
Q

Are poor phonological representations and organization associated with receptive or expressive communication skills?

A

expressive (speaking, rather than understanding)

105
Q

What differences are in terms of volume, intonation, and can be speech production characteristics of ASD?

A

prosodic differences

106
Q

What behaviours in ASD kids are often associated with attentional challenges/poor listening skills?

A

moving alot to communicate physically

107
Q

What type of language in autism is associated with slow auditory processing speecd?

A

receptive

108
Q

What type of language in autsm is associated with auditory capacity limitations?

A

receptive

109
Q

Do kids with autism have greater difficulties with grammatical function words or content (meaning-based) vocabulary?

A

grammatical function

110
Q

What type of language in autism is associated withunderstanding abstract, idiomatic language?

A

receptive

111
Q

What type of language in autism is associated with difficulties with “theory of mind”/ mindblindness / pronouns, narrative struction?

A

receptive

112
Q

_ is a syndrome that is characterized by a child’s precocious ability to read (far above what would be expected at their age), significant difficulty in understanding and using verbal language (or a profound nonverbal learning disability), and significant problems during social interactions.

A

hyperlexia

113
Q

_ is defined as the unsolicited repetition of vocalizations made by another person (by the same person is called palilalia).

A

Echolalia

114
Q

Echolalia is defined as the unsolicited repetition of vocalizations made by another person (by the same person is called _).

A

palilalia

115
Q

What type of language in autism is associated with difficulty with word retrieval?

A

expressive

116
Q

What type of language in autism is associated with frmulation difficulties

A

expressive

117
Q

What pronouns are more difficult for ASD

A

I and you

118
Q

What are common treatment approaches moving closer towards?

A

interactive models, or applied behavioural analysis (ABA)

119
Q

What is ABA?

A

applied behavioural analysis

120
Q

jWhat is the interactive method for ASD treatment?

A

the Denver model

121
Q

What treatment approach uses “the hidden curriculum”?

A

Myles-Smith’s social stories

122
Q

Who should be driving treatment for ASD?

A

children, not parents

123
Q

What types of approaches should be favoured for ASD?

A

deeper, relationship-based approaches

124
Q

What can kids centre around for treating ASD?

A

special interests

125
Q

What is the GFCF diet for ASD?

A

gluten-free and casein-free , associated with less digestive issues and cramping

126
Q

What type of sensory integration therapy helps ASD?

A

weighted clothing blankets (deal with anxiety)

127
Q

What kid of neurofeedback therapy can be used for ASD?

A

EEG therapy

128
Q

What therapists work well with ASD?

A

SLPs, OTs, and auditory techs

129
Q

What treatment removes heavy metals from blood which is potentially dangerous for ASD

A

chelation

130
Q 
who else is involved in the professional team for ASD?
family
physician
developmental paediatrician
ABA therapists 
SLP 
audiologist
Ot
SW
T, TA
A

developmental psychologist

131
Q

What is nonverbal learning disability NOT associated with?

A

NOT associated with autism

132
Q

What is associated with right hemispheric brain dysfunction?

A

nonverbal learning disability

133
Q

What is associated with performance IQ being significantly weaker than verbal iq

A

nonverbal learning disability

134
Q

What is asociated with difficulty with visual-spatial skills, and reading facial expressions as well as recognizing faces?

A

nonverbal learning disability

135
Q

What is associated with personal space challenges and difficulties with socilalization?

A

nonverbal learning disability

136
Q

What is associated with attentional/organizational challenges, challenges writing legible, but NOT stereotypies?

A

nonverbal learning disability

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