week 1 Flashcards
the relationship between values, philosophy and practice
Practice: what we do
Values: how we do
Philosophy: why we do
define philosophy
- A conscious framework of assumptions and beliefs that guides actions
- Framework for thinking and processing ideas
define assumptions
ideas or principles that are taken for granted as the basis for argument and action.
define beliefs
convictions about what is true
whats the three principles of philosophy for OT
ontology
epistemology
axiology
whats ontology
“what is most real for occupational therapy” science or study of being
as ever changing occupational beings, interconnected with their environment and trasformation and health
SEEING
whats- “the nature of humans: as ever changing occupational beings”:
human beings are unfused with an innate biological need for occupation (need for growth), humans are an indivisible whole.
whats- “The nature of humans: as interconnected with their environments”:
human beings are part of their daily living environments, cannot be separated with the environment.
whats- “the nature of: transformation and health”:
through occupation, people transform and are transformed by their actions and environments
whats epistemology
“what is knowledge is oT?”
- What knowledge is most important to OT
- How is knowledge used
- Knowledge of occupation is primary for occupation therapists
- Organises and integrates all other knowledge
- Clarifies desired consequences of action
- In for and with present practice situation that is continuously changing (every client is different)
- Tentative, fluid and contingent with the arising practice moment
whats axiology
“what is right action in OT?”- The study of values including what is good, beautiful and morally desirable.
occupation centred practice
collaborative practice
clients and environments as a whole
core values for OT
- Essential humanity and dignity for all people
- Perspective and subjective of clients and their significant others
- Empathy, caring and engagement
- Use of imagination and integrity in creating occupational opportunities
- Inherit potential of people to experience wellbeing
whats the 5 things occupation provides a source of
- Source of meaning
- Source of purpose/ function
- Source of choice and control
- Source of integrating body and mind
- Source of balance and satisfaction (balance=happy)
whats the 4 things occupation provides a mean of
- Means of organising and structuring time
- Means of organising materials and space
- Means of contributing to general community
- The basis of occupational development across the lifespan
Occupational problems and challenges
- Reduction in quality of life
- Restriction of development
- Occupational disruption or deprivation
Occupation- therapeutic agency
- Opportunities
- Modification
- Compensatory techniques
- Counselling and problem solving to facilitate participation
what OTs do
- Promote health and well being
- Enhance quality of life
- Facilitate engagement and interaction with environment
- Promote skill development
- Improve occupational performance
- Facilitate changes in pathology and disease
enabling occupation
- Collaborating with people to enable them to choose, organise and perform occupations
- They find useful and meaningful
- Client focused
- Doing with rather than doing for people
whats client centred practice
- Embraces respect and partnership
- Ethical position
- Recognises clients experience and knowledge
- Involved clients in decision making about their occupational needs
- Advocates with and for clients in meeting needs
define values
views people hold about what is important, worthwhile
whats the Canadian model of client centred enablement look at
adapt advocates coach collaborate consult coordinate design/build educate engage specialised
whats the paradigm
the fields inner most core of knowledge for OT
2 reasons why to is important for OT
knowledge that defines the nature, purpose, scope and value of OT.
unifies the OT field
Conceptual practice model
diverse concepts organised into unique OT knowledge
- Provide rationale for guide to practice
EXAMPLES: COPM
Components of conceptual practice model
- Theory that explains some phenomena for a problem or circumstance
- Practice resources materials and tools for assessment. eg performance Tests, checklists or interviews.
- Research and evidence based that test the theory and demonstrate how the model works in practice. establishes validity, reliability and ultility
Use in practice
Process of development of a conceptual practice model
- Models are developed
- Assessments related to model are developed
- Guidelines and protocols for applying the model are developed
- Therapy programs based on model are developed
- Practice resources such as journals, books and presentations based on the model are disseminated
- Research and evidence allow the model to be scrutinised and revised
- Research findings provide for model to be modified
- Each conceptual model represents a dynamic process in which knowledge is developed and used through theorising, application and revision.
whats related knowledge
collection of concepts, facts and techniques from other fields that therapists use to supplement unique OT knowledge
- Content: concepts, facts and techniques borrowed from other disciples eg. psychology, physiology
- Purpose: supplement unique knowledge of the filed, applied in practice
an example of the paradigm conceptual practice and related knowledge
Paradigm= importance of occupation
Conceptual practice model= MOHO and biomedical model
Related knowledge= medical knowledge, physiology of healing, psychology for human behaviour.
how to select a model
Will this structure best meet the clients needs?
Can I used it effectively and be comfortable with it?
Is there a reasonable body of empirical evidence and knowledge about the model?
conceptual practice models guide
- How to frame problems
- How to develop hypotheses
- Select and test assessments
- Principles of intervention
- Tools and techniques to use
three types of assessments
performance tests
observation
interviews
examples of conceptual practice models
- Biomechanical model
- Cognitive model
- Model of human occupation
- Sensory integration model
- Intentional relationship model
- Functional group model
- Motor control model
whats the three areas the COPM looks at and what do they mean
self care- personal care, functional mobility and community management
productivity- paid or unpaid work, household management, school or play
leisure- quiet recreation, active recreation and socialisation.
whats self care classified for the copm
occupations aimed at getting ready for the day and getting around
whats productivity classified for COPM
occupations aimed at earning a living, maintaining home and family, providing services to others or developing ones abiltiies
whats leisure classified as for COPM
occupations performed by an individual when freed from the obligation to be productive.
what does COPM rate
Rates on a sale of 10 (or happy and sad faces for a child)
Importance
Performance
Satisfaction (with perform)
whats the five step process for COPM
Problem identification: talks to client to find out what they are struggling with
Problem weighting: rate of the scale from 1 to 10
Scoring: top 5 important written on the back and re scored, add all up and work out an average score
Re assessment: at the end of therapy re assess to see the improvement
Follow up: establish date for reassessment
