WEEK 1 +2

Question 1

what happens with depression

Answer 1

Results from decreased activity by excitatory neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 2

mood disorders

Answer 2

manic (bipolar), depression, dysthymic (for more than 2 yrs)

Question 3

major depression

Answer 3

2 weeks or more

Question 4

schiz Grouped symptoms

Answer 4

Positive
Delusions, bizarre behavior

Negative
Flat emotions, decreased speech

Question 5

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 5

Frequently cause side effects related to excessive extrapyramidal activity
Involuntary muscle spasms in face, neck, arms, or legs
Chewing or grimacing
Repetitive jerky or writhing movements
Some side effects may be reduced by antiparkinson agents.

Question 6

depression Classified as mood disorder with several subgroups

Answer 6

Unipolar
• Endogenous, diagnosis based on biological factors or personal characteristics

Bipolar
• Alternating periods of depression and mania
• Response to life event or secondary to a systemic disorder

Question 7

depression is Indicated by prolonged period of unfounded sadness and by:

Answer 7

Lack of energy
Loss of self-esteem and motivation
Irritability and agitation
Insomnia or excessive sleep
Loss of appetite and libido

Question 8

depression treatment

Answer 8

Recommended that counseling be combined with:
• Antidepressant drugs that increase norepinephrine activity
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Electroconvulsive therapy may be used for severe depression.

Question 9

Panic attack

Answer 9

Sudden brief episode of discomfort and anxiety

Question 10

Panic disorder

Answer 10

Develops when panic attacks are frequent and prolonged

Question 11

PD: Genetic factor implicated

Answer 11

Increased discharge of neurons in temporal lobes

Neurotransmitter abnormalities include norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA.

Question 12

PD: Signs and symptoms

Answer 12

Episodes of intense fear without provocation
May last minutes or hours
Palpitations or tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, sensations of choking or smothering, nausea

Question 13

PD: Treatment

Answer 13

Psychotherapy
AND
Drug therapy: Antianxiety agents, Antidepressants may be prescribed for some.

Question 14

Schizophrenia

Answer 14

- FLAT FACIAL EXPRESSION 
Reduced gray matter in temporal lobes
Enlarged third and lateral ventricles
Abnormal cells in the hippocampus
Excessive dopamine secretion
Decreased blood flow to frontal lobes

REPEATING BACK WORDS
RYHMING SPEECH
NO EYE CONTACT
PACING

Question 15

Physiological dependence

Answer 15

Discontinuance of substance leads to withdrawal

Question 16

Psychological dependence

Answer 16

Continuing desire to take substance to function

Question 17

Tolerance

Answer 17

Body has adapted to substance

More must be taken to achieve same effect

Question 18

Addiction—older term

Answer 18

Used for the most serious form of substance abuse

Question 19

Modes of Action

Answer 19

Central nervous system (CNS) depressants
 Tranquilizers, alcohol, cannabis

Narcotics (also CNS depressants)
 Painkillers

Stimulants
 Coffee
 Amphetamines

Psychedelics
 hallucinogens

Question 20

Anabolic steroids

Answer 20

Abused by some athletes and body builders

Especially in competitive

Question 21

Synergism (drug combinations)—

Answer 21

stronger reaction

Question 22

Potential Complication: Cardiovascular Problems

Answer 22

Cocaine, amphetamines, and other stimulants
	Irregular heartbeat
	Increased blood pressure
	May lead to heart attacks
	Strokes
	Heart failure at a young age

Question 23

Potential Complications: Alcohol

Answer 23

CIRRHOSIS
	Occurs in chronic alcoholics
	Long-term or acute excessive alcohol intake
•	Lipid accumulation
•	Alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis

NEVER DAMAGE 
	Wernicke’s syndrome
•	Confusion, disorientation, loss of motor coordination
	Korsakoff psychosis
•	Altered personality and amnesia

Question 24

Readings of greater than 1.025 indicate concentrated urine, whereas those of less than

Answer 24

1.010 indicate dilute urine.

Question 25

turgor.

Answer 25

Skin areas over the sternum, abdomen, and anterior forearm are the usual sites for evaluation of tissue turgor.