Week 1 Flashcards
Community/public health nursing
… is the synthesis of nursing practice and ______________ practice.
… has the major goal to preserve the health of the community and ________________________
… is the synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice.
… has the major goal to preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations.
Community/public health nursing
focuses on health promotion and health __________.
is associated with health and identification of _____________ at _______ rather than an episodic response to patient demand.
focuses on health promotion and health maintenance.
is associated with health and identification of populations at risk rather than an episodic response to patient demand.
What do community health nurses do?
Health ____________.
Community ____________.
Ensuring a safe and healthy environment.
_________________ prevention.
Policy ________.
Community development.
Health education.
Community advocacy.
Ensuring a safe and healthy environment.
Abuse and neglect prevention.
Policy reform.
Community development.
Public health Is described as the art and science of:
-Preventing _______
-Prolonging ______
-Promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen
-Preventing disease
-Prolonging life
-Promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen
HEALTH CARE REFORM
“Costs of caring for the sick account for the majority of escalating health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015”.
Community/public health nurses are in a position to assist the U.S. health care system to transition from being disease-oriented to a _______-oriented system.
“Costs of caring for the sick account for the majority of escalating health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015”.
Community/public health nurses are in a position to assist the U.S. health care system to transition from being disease-oriented to a health-oriented system.
The mission of public health is ____________, which entitles all people to basic ___________ such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make this possible.
The mission of public health is social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make this possible.
Health definitions
“A state of complete ___________, physical, social, and mental, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. —World Health Organization (1958)
“The extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy _____; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical capacities”. — World Health Organization (1986)
“A state of complete well-being, physical, social, and mental, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. —World Health Organization (1958)
“The extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical capacities”. — World Health Organization (1986)
Definition of community
“a collection of people who ________ with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity and _________ .” —Rector
(2017)
“a collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity and belonging.” —Rector
(2017)
Public health is the Science and Art of …
_________ disease
_________ life
Promoting health and efficiency through organized __________ effort
Community health extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the community level through both government and _______ efforts
Public health is the Science and Art of …
Preventing disease
Prolonging life
Promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort
Community health extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the community level through both government and private efforts
*** Core public health functions
________________ - monitors/ provides health status to identify & solve community health problems
________________ - inform, educate, empower people through learning about their health issues
________________ - enforce laws & regulations that protect health / safety
Assessment
Policy development
Assurance
ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
Monitor
Diagnose
Inform
Mobilize
Develop
Enforce
Link people
Assure
Evaluate
Research
Monitor
Diagnose
Inform
Mobilize
Develop
Enforce
Link people
Assure
Evaluate
Research
*** 3 Levels of Prevention
Primary prevention
* Prevention of problems _____________
* Health promotion and health protection
Secondary prevention
* Early __________ & _________
* Early diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary prevention
* ___________ & __________ of deterioration of a disease state
* Limitation of disability and rehabilitation
Primary prevention
* Prevention of problems before they occur
* Health promotion and health protection
Secondary prevention
* Early detection and intervention
* Early diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary prevention
* Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
* Limitation of disability and rehabilitation
PREVENTION VERSUS CURE
Cure -Spending additional dollars for cure in the form of health care services does _______ to improve the health of a population.
Prevention -Spending money on prevention does a ___________ to improve health and decrease the dollars spent on cure.
Cure -Spending additional dollars for cure in the form of health care services does little to improve the health of a population.
Prevention -Spending money on prevention does a great deal to improve health and decrease the dollars spent on cure.
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2030
Vision:
* A society in which all people live ______ _________ _______
Overarching goals:
* Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
* Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
* Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
* Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
Vision:
* A society in which all people live long, healthy lives
Overarching goals:
* Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
* Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
* Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
* Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING - ANA definition (2013)
o The practice of promoting and __________ the health of populations
o Uses knowledge from nursing, as well as social and public health sciences, to promote and protect the health of populations.
o Is __________ focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and disability for all people
o The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations
o Uses knowledge from nursing, as well as social and public health sciences, to promote and protect the health of populations.
o Is population focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and disability for all people
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
The terms Public Health Nursing and Community Health Nursing are used
______________
ANA definition (1980)
Synthesis of nursing practice and public health to promote and preserve the health
of __________
Care is directed to individuals, families, groups.
Contributes to health of the total __________
The terms Public Health Nursing and Community Health Nursing are used
interchangeably
ANA definition (1980)
Synthesis of nursing practice and public health to promote and preserve the health
of populations
Care is directed to individuals, families, groups.
Contributes to health of the total population
COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING
“Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they _________________________ or as they move through the health care system”
-Setting-specific
- Emphasis is on acute and chronic care
“Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they live, work or go to school or as they move through the health care system”
-Setting-specific
- Emphasis is on acute and chronic care
Community health nursing
Practice is collaborative & based on research and theory.
Applies the nursing process to the care of …
* Individuals
* Families
* Aggregates
* The community
Practice is collaborative & based on research and theory.
Applies the nursing process to the care of …
* Individuals
* Families
* Aggregates
* The community
POPULATION-FOCUSED NURSING
Focuses on the entire __________
Is based on __________of the population’s health status
Considers the broad __________ of health
Emphasizes all levels of __________
Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families
Focuses on the entire population
Is based on assessment of the population’s health status
Considers the broad determinants of health
Emphasizes all levels of prevention
Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families
- Populations are not homogeneous; must address the needs of special ______________.
- High-risk and __________ subpopulations must be identified early in the care delivery cycle.
- Nonusers of services often become ________ users; essential to develop outreach strategies.
- _________ & ________ of all health care services are linked together across the health care continuum.
- Populations are not homogeneous; must address the needs of special subpopulations.
- High-risk and vulnerable subpopulations must be identified early in the care delivery cycle.
- Nonusers of services often become high-cost users; essential to develop outreach strategies.
- Quality and cost of all health care services are linked together across the health care continuum.
Types of prevention [INDIVIDUAL]
Primary (health promotion and specific prevention) - Dietary teaching during pregnancy; ____________
Secondary (early diagnosis and treatment) - HIV testing; __________ for cervical cancer
Tertiary (limitation of disability and rehabilitation)- __________ new clients with diabetes how to administer insulin; Exercise therapy after stroke; Skin care for incontinent patient
Primary (health promotion and specific prevention) - Dietary teaching during pregnancy; Immunizations
Secondary (early diagnosis and treatment) - HIV testing; Screening for cervical cancer
Tertiary (limitation of disability and rehabilitation)- Teaching new clients with diabetes how to administer insulin; Exercise therapy after stroke; Skin care for incontinent patient
Types of prevention [COMMUNITY] [aggregate of people sharing space over time within a social system; population groups or aggregates with power relations and
common needs or purposes)
Primary (health promotion and specific prevention) - Fluoride water supplementation; Environmental sanitation; Removal of environmental _________
Secondary (early diagnosis and treatment) - Organized ___________ programs for
communities such as health fairs; Lead screening for children by school district
Tertiary (limitation of disability and rehabilitation)- Shelter & relocation centers for fire or earthquake victims; Emergency medical services; Community mental health services for chronically mentally ill; __________ services for chronically ilL
Types of prevention [COMMUNITY] [aggregate of people sharing space over time within a social system; population groups or aggregates with power relations and
common needs or purposes)
Primary (health promotion and specific prevention) - Fluoride water supplementation; Environmental sanitation; Removal of environmental hazards
Secondary (early diagnosis and treatment) - Organized screening programs for
communities such as health fairs; Lead screening for children by school district
Tertiary (limitation of disability and rehabilitation)- Shelter & relocation centers for fire or earthquake victims; Emergency medical services; Community mental health services for chronically mentally ill; Home care services for chronically ilL
The social determinants of health (SDH) are the _________ in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.
These forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems.
The social determinants of health (SDH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life.
These forces and systems include economic policies and systems, development agendas, social norms, social policies and political systems.
Social determinants of health include
income
education
employment
housing
early childhood development
culture
gender
social support
etc
income
education
employment
housing
early childhood development
culture
gender
social support
social determinants of health
_________ Stability
-employment, income, expenses, debt. medical bills, support
Economic Stability
-employment, income, expenses, debt. medical bills, support
6 Major Categories of social determinants of health
Economic Stability
Neighborhood/physical Environment
Education
Food
Community & Social Context
Health Care System
6 Major Categories of social determinants of health
Economic Stability
Neighborhood/physical Environment
Education
Food
Community & Social Context
Health Care System
social determinants of health
____________________
-housing, transportation, safety, parks, playgrounds, walkability
Neighborhood/physical Environment
-housing, transportation, safety, parks, playgrounds, walkability
social determinants of health
__________
-literacy, language, ECE, higher education, vocational
Education
-literacy, language, ECE, higher education, vocational
social determinants of health
Food
-hunger, access to _________ options
Food
-hunger, access to healthy options
social determinants of health
__________________ Context
-social integration, support systems, community engagement, discrimination
Community & Social
social determinants of health
_____________ System
-health coverage, provider availability, provider linguistic/cultural competency
Health Care
How would public health nursing change if more people became insured?
A) More screening would be required.
B) Community organizing would diminish.
C) PHN would become more prevention oriented.
D) Case management would become a larger part of PHN.
A. * Screening frequently follows either surveillance or disease and health event investigation and is often preceded by outreach activities.
One goal of public health nursing is to focus most on:
A) * tertiary health care
B) * primary health care
C) * population-based services
D) * clinical preventive services
C) * population-based services
Public health nursing aims to focus more on community, population-based promotion and prevention
Which categories of curriculum content are missing from this list?
* Informatics
* Genomics
* Community-based participatory research
* Policy
* Law
* Ethics
Cultural competence and Global health.
