Week 1 Flashcards
How many time zones does Canada have? What are their names?
6 time zones
The time zones are Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, Atlantic, and Newfoundland (+30 minutes).
Name the 7 physiographic regions of Canada.
- Cordillera
- Interior Plains
- Arctic Lands
- Canadian Shield
- Hudson Bay Lowlands
- St Lawrence Lowlands
- Appalachian Region
What are the main features of the Arctic Lands?
- Coastal plains
- Plateaus
- Mountains
- Permafrost
- Pingos (frozen mounds)
- Vulnerable to climate change impacts
- Cold and dry environment
What are the characteristics of the Cordillera region?
- Mountains
- Plateaus
- Valleys
- Formed about 40-80 million years ago
What are the main characteristics of the Interior Plains?
- Flat landscape
- Sedimentary rocks from an old inland sea
- Amazing soil qualities for agriculture
- No tectonic action
- Prairies
- Badlands
What is the Canadian Shield known for?
- Oldest landscape in Canada (600-350 MYA)
- Largest in Canada
- Precambrian rocks
- Shaped by continental glaciation and erosion
What are the characteristics of the Hudson Bay Lowlands?
- Muskeg (wet peatland)
- Formed by warming 15,000-12,000 BP
What are the characteristics of the St Lawrence Lowlands?
- Smallest physiographic region
- Flat to rolling
- Sedimentary, glacial deposits
- Niagara escarpment, fruit rich, wine country
What defines the Appalachian Uplands?
- Northern section of Appalachian mountains
- Rounded uplands
- Remnants of ancient mountains
How many drainage basins are there in Canada? What are their names?
5 drainage basins
The basins are Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Hudson Bay, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean.
What are the three ice complexes in Canada?
- Brooks Range
- Cordilleran Glacier Complex
- Laurentide Ice Sheet
What is permafrost?
Ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years.
What are some other categories of permafrost regions in Canada?
Glaciers (spotted about Canada), sporadic (line carrying through middle of Canada), continuous (northern Canada).
Define the difference between continuous permafrost and discontinuous permafrost.
Continuous permafrost is a large sheet of permafrost. Discontinuous is sporadic sheets.
What is the difference between absolute and relative location?
Absolute location = unchanging, exact, ie gps coordinates
Relative location = changeable, in relation to other things
What are push factors in immigration? Provide examples.
Factors that would push someone to emigrate from their home. Ie war, poverty, economic imbalances.
What are pull factors in immigration? Provide examples.
Pull factors are factors that pull someone to immigrate somewhere. Ie cheap housing, human rights, etc.
What are regions?
Areas that share common characteristics make up a region. Sometimes bounded by bodies of water, mountains, etc. Flexible.
Describe the core-periphery model.
Geographic concept of a relationship of areas in a region. There are core areas and periphery areas, the core areas having large populations, governance, and industries, and the periphery areas challenged by limited infrastructure, limited decision making, small settlements, and poor economic dievrsification.
What is the heartland-hinterland theory?
Another geographic model of relationships between regions (based on core periphery model). Involves the heartland (og settlements, diverse economies, economic and political power) which has the most power. And the hinterland (small pop, resource production, limited economic and political power, dependent on heartland) which has less.
What are the three ice sheet in Canada?
- Brooks Range
- Cordilleran glacier complex
- Laurentide ice sheet
