Lecture 4 - January 16th Flashcards
Identify 5 or more Indigenous communities across Canada.
- Haisla
- Mi’kmaq
- Cree
- Anishinaabe
- Wet’suwet’en
- Algonquin
- Ojibwa
- Mohawk
What is the old view of how indigenous people migrated into North America?
They migrated over the Bering strait 12,000-14,000 BP.
What is another view regarding the migration routes into North America?
They migrated from the coast.
What significant archaeological discovery affirms Heiltsuk nations’ oral stories?
A 14,000-year-old archaeological discovery in British Columbia.
What were the living conditions of Athabaskan-speaking peoples 8,000-7,000 BP?
They lived in large multi-family dwellings.
What type of dwellings did indigenous people along the Atlantic coast inhabit?
Longhouses and seasonal houses.
Which indigenous peoples settled in Ontario 8,000-7,000 BP?
Wendat peoples.
What was the primary reliance of indigenous peoples in the prairies from 6,000-2,000 BP?
Hunting food, especially buffalo.
What major change began to occur 2,000-1,000 BP in parts of Canada?
Pottery begins to appear and some villages begin practicing agriculture.
Name three geographic areas occupied by Indigenous peoples at contact.
- Athapaskan
- Siquan
- Algonquin
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 recognize regarding Indigenous peoples?
Indigenous peoples in North America had rights to self-government and traditional territory.
What is a treaty?
A negotiated government-to-government agreement that sets out rights, obligations, and relationships regarding lands and resources.
What does Section 35 of the Constitution provide?
Constitutional protection to the treaty rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
What is the significance of the Numbered Treaties in Canada?
They are a series of treaties signed between First Nations and the Crown from 1871 to 1921.
What was the primary focus of the first wave of Numbered Treaties (1-7)?
Advancing European settlement across the prairies and permitting the development of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
What did the Numbered Treaties provide to the Crown in exchange for Indigenous traditional territory?
- Special rights to treaty lands
- Cash payments
- Hunting and fishing tools
- Farming supplies
What was established by the Constitution Act of 1867?
The establishment of Canada and the division of governance powers.
What major event occurred in Newfoundland and Labrador in 1949?
Newfoundland joined Confederation.
What was the result of the Calder Case in 1998?
The signing of the Nisga’a final Agreement.
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the 2014 Tsilhqot’in Decision?
It affirmed Indigenous land rights.
True or False: The Indian Act gave the Canadian government sweeping powers over Indigenous populations.
True
Fill in the blank: The four types of treaties in BC are _______.
[Pre-confederation or Douglas Treaties, Victorian or numbered treaties, Comprehensive Claims, BC Treaty Process]
What does the BC Treaty Process involve?
65 First Nations and various implementing agreements.
