Week 1 Flashcards

Experimental methods

1
Q

Why do we need to use the Scientific Method?

A

To make research is objective and reliable
Provides a framework to which studies can be done in a systematic way

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2
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method

A
  1. observe and gather data
  2. make generalisations
  3. develop a theory
  4. hypothesis to test theory
  5. experiment
  6. results, either support or disprove theory
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3
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

A particular occurrence and then moving on to see if it is a general human behaviour

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4
Q

When does inductive reasoning take place?

A

At the beginning of the scientific process

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5
Q

What is deductive reasoning?

A

A logical argument where we use developed rules to conduct an experiment and obtain a conclusion

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6
Q

When does deductive reasoning take place?

A

At the end of the scientific process

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7
Q

Who coined the term falsifiability?

A

Karl Popper

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8
Q

What does falsifiability mean?

A

defining theories in a way that means they can be proven wrong

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9
Q

An example of falsifiability

A

behaviour is learnt from observing others

THINK Bandura’s Bobo doll study

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10
Q

Quantitative data is…

A

data in numerical form
e.g. counting the number of times something occurs

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11
Q

Qualitative data is…

A

data left in its original form of meaning
e.g. speech or text

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12
Q

What can you do with Qualitative data

A

Content Analysis

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13
Q

What is content analysis?

A

developing themes or codes that emerge from the data

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14
Q

Why do we use content analysis?

A

by organising and obtaining meaning from the data collected it helps us to draw realistic conclusions

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15
Q

How do we support our developed themes and codes?

A

by using evidence from the source e.g. quotations

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16
Q

What information do we obtain from qualitative data?

A

Rich
Full of information and detail about peoples emotions and opinions

17
Q

What information to we obtain from quantitative data?

A

Narrow and constrained by categories

18
Q

How is qualitative data interpreted?

A

Subjective
Researchers examining data may come up with different ideas/themes, it depends on the perceptions of the researcher

19
Q

How is quantitative data interpreted?

A

Objective
All researchers will come up with the same answer. its verifiable information based on facts

20
Q

How reliable is qualitative data?

A

Low
When we examine the data we don’t always come up with the same answers

21
Q

How reliable is quantitative data?

A

High
A number of different researchers examining the same data will come up with the same answer

22
Q

What setting is qualitative data?

A

Realistic, natural often set in the real work

23
Q

What setting is quantitative data?

A

Artificial and collected form lab setting

24
Q

When would we use qualitative data?

A

In exploratory research, like trying to come up with a theory of hypothesis and develop an idea

25
Q

When would we use quantitative data?

A

In confirmatory research, when trying to support or challenge a theory

26
Q

How could we generate qualitative data?

A

Informal discussions
Interviews or Focus groups
Use of open questions

27
Q

How could we generate quantitative data?

A

Usually in the form of an experiment, very focused and specific
A statistical approach that uses a range of target measures

28
Q

What part of the scientific method need to be falsifiable?

A

The hypothesis

29
Q

Why does a hypothesis need to be feasible?

A

it must be able to be carried out
think - time and money

30
Q

Why do we need to collect quantitative data when we have already collected qualitative data?

A

qualitative data doesn’t give us evidence, we need stats to give us probabilities and help us prove right from wrong