Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the defenition of a system

A

A regulary interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole/ an organized set of doctrines, ideas, or principles intended to explain the arrangement or working of a systamatic whole

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2
Q

What does a system concern

A

Both physical items and social, economic, or polotical orginizations or practices

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3
Q

By what is the scope of a system defined?

A

Its boundries, meaning choosing which entities are inside the system and which are outside, i.e. part of envrionment

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4
Q

What is a complex system?

A

Multiple system that interact with each other

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5
Q

Examples of intrecate social systems

A

Personal (psychological), Interpersonal, Cultulal, Legal & governmental

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6
Q

Example of a complex system

A

Cities

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7
Q

What is decision making in urban development based on?

A

values like health, accessability, money, happiness

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8
Q

What is a generalized measure of a value

A

Utility (nutsvoorziening)

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9
Q

What is the principle of utility?

A

That actions are to be judged by their usefulness in this sense: their tendency to produce benefits, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness

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10
Q

What are cities the result of?

A

Choices of people

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11
Q

Which people make a city?

A

Individual people, Groups of people, Business, Societies, Governments

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12
Q

How do peoples choices result in cities?

A

People’s wishes and demands

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13
Q

What are strong values?

A

Recognizable,values that occur a lot and many people have them

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14
Q

What are wishfull values?

A

These are the things that are achievable but not often achieved

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15
Q

What are weak values?

A

those are the things that are difficult to measure like social stability

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16
Q

What are hidden values?

A

Usually behind the wishful value like ego. Underlying beliefs and principles that influence an individuals behaviour.

17
Q

What are neglected values?

A

Symbolic things like that we shaped our city in the shape of a cross

18
Q

What are 4 main types of values for individuals?

A

Hedonic, egoistic, altruistic, biospheric

19
Q

What is ment by hedonic value?

A

Pleasure, fun, reducing effort

20
Q

What is ment by egoistic value?

A

Money and power

21
Q

What is ment by altruistic value?

A

Welfare of other people, caring for other people

22
Q

What is ment by biospheric value?

A

Nature had intrinsic value, so caring for nature.

23
Q

What does the prioritized value in a situation influence?

A

Beliefs, attitudes and norms (hence, behaviour)

24
Q

Different forms of behavior

A

Automatic, conscious and habitual

25
Q

What is automatic behaviour?

A

Reflexes, you do these things automatically. Things you do that are hardwired in your brain

26
Q

What is conscious behavior?

A

Requires thought, effort and consideration

27
Q

What is habitual behavior?

A

Unconscious (because you have always done it that way)

28
Q

Of what kind of behaviour consist daily life?

A

Habitual behavior

29
Q

Key features of a habit

A

Frequency, stability, succes and automaticity

30
Q

Problem with forming new habits

A

Alternatives information is not taken up or seen, changing norms is not alway effecive

31
Q

Solutions to forming new habits

A

Major change in situation and implementation intentions

32
Q

How to influence human behaviour

A

Intricnsic motivation, carrot & stick

33
Q

How to influence peoples behavior trough environmental design

A

Make preferred option easy, CPTED (crime prevention through envirionmental design)

34
Q

Main actors in BE

A

Citizens, Urban researchers, planners, designers, developers, managers