Week 1 Flashcards
The gonadal rudiments appear as the ‘____________ ’
genital ridge
What is Abnormal uterine bleeding?
When there is a variation in the duration, quantity , and frequency of the menstrual flow
An adult uterus weighs approximately ______
70g
In the upper part, the uterus is termed the _______ or _______
body or ‘corpus’.
The area of insertion of each Fallopian tube is termed the ‘_______’ and that part of the body above the ———— is called the ‘__________’.
cornu
cornu
Fundus
The uterus tapers to a small constricted area, the ___________ , and below this is the ________, which projects obliquely into the __________.
isthmus; cervix
Vagina
The ________ axis of the uterus is approximately at ———- angles to the ________ and normally tilts forward. This is called ‘anteversion’.
longitudinal
right ; vagina
Normal uterus is ante_______ and anti________
Verted
Flexed
FIXED and immobile Retroflexion and retroversion can be associated with ???
Endometriosis
The uterus consists of three layers: the outer ________ layer (_________), the middle _________ layer ( ___________ ) and the inner ________ layer (____________).
Serous; peritoneum
Muscular; myometrium
Mucous ; endome- trium
Normal menstrual flow is from ______-______ days
2-8
The peritoneum of the uterus is intimately attached to a ——————— layer, except laterally where it spreads out to form the leaves of the ————.
subserous fibrous
broad ligament
The cervix is narrower than the body of the uterus and is approximately ______ cm in length
2.5
The posterior aspect of the cervix is covered by the peritoneum of the __________
pouch of Douglas.
_____________ and _____________ are two laparoscopic surgeries used to treat some ectopic pregnancies.
Salpingostomy and salpingectomy
The Fallopian tube runs in the _____ margin of the broad ligament, known as the ____________, which encloses the tube so that it is completely covered with peritoneum, except for a narrow strip along this ________ aspect.
upper; mesosalpinx
inferior
Each fallopian tube is about ———— long and is described in four parts:
• The ————- portion.
• The __________.
• The ___________ .
• The ____________ or _________ portion.
10 cm
interstitial
Isthmus
Ampulla
infundibulum; fimbrial
Each ovary is attached to the cornu of the uterus by the ________ ligament and at the hilum to the broad ligament by the __________
ovarian; mesovarium
Laterally, each ovary is attached to the _____________ of the ovary with folds of peritoneum that becomes continuous with that of the overlying psoas major.
suspen- sory ligament
The round ligament lies _______ to the uterus. It does not _________ the uterus and is not a _________ structure.
It runs from the ________ of the uterus from the anterior leaf of the —————, to the __________. The round ligament does not contain the vascular bundle of the ovary; this runs in the mesovarian
anterior
physically support; vestigial
cornu; broad ligament
inguinal canal
Definitions
Menarche??
LMP??
Start of menstruation
Date of last menstrual bleed
What is amenorrhea
Absence of bleeds for more than 6 months in women of reproduc-
tive age
Oligomenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea
Menorrhagia
Infrequent menstrual bleeds more than 35 days apart
Painful menstrual bleeding
Now called heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB)
HMB
IMB
PCB
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Intermenstrual bleeding
postcoital bleeding
AUB Includes ___________ or _____________
postcoital bleeding (PCB)/intermenstrual bleeding (IMB)
_______________ scars are used for caesarean section, hysterectomy, etc
Pfannenstiel
The normal uterus is ______- shaped and about _____cm in length.
pear; 9
Broad ligament is divided into ??
Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Normals
Menarch
Menopause
10-16
45-55
For those not on hormonal birth control, the typical volume of menstrual flow is about ____ to ___________ over the entire period, though this can vary. Generally, it’s considered normal to use about _____ to _____ pads or tampons per day during the heaviest days of a period.
30;40 millilitres
three to six
The median duration of pregnancy is _____ days (____ weeks) and this gives the estimated date of delivery (EDD).
280
40
macrosomic baby may be related to ???
gestational diabetes
gravida is the ?????
parity is the ????
total number of pregnancies regardless of how they ended;
number of live births at any gestation or stillbirths after 24 weeks.
Women with very long cycles may have a condition known as _______________
polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Previous episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease increase the risk for _____________.
ectopic pregnancy
Knife cone biopsy is associated with an increased risk for both ________________ and ________ (leading to ——————- and ________ in labour, respectively).
cervical incompetence (weakness)
stenosis
preterm delivery
dystocia
A large SFH raises the possibility of:
•______________;
•________________;
•______________
macrosomia
multiple pregnancy
polyhydramnios
A small SFH could represent:
•_____________;
•________________.
FGR
oligohydramnios
Pre-eclampsia
A potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterised by ______________
high blood pressure.
Pre-eclampsia usually begins after _________ of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal. It can lead to serious, even fatal, complications for both mother and baby.
20 weeks
It may be possible to hear the fetal heart with the ______ ultrasound from approximately __________ onwards.
Doppler
12 weeks
Layers of endometrium
__________ (____%)
_____________ (____%)
______________ (____%)
Basalis; 25
Spongiosum;50
Compactum;25
Haemostasis in the uterine endome- trium is different from haemostasis elsewhere in the body
T/F
With reason
as it does not involve the processes of clot for- mation and fibrosis.
Precocious is defined as the onset of puberty before the age of _____ in a girl or _____ in a boy. It is classified as either _________ or __________.
8; 9
central or peripheral.
When there are no signs of secondary sexual characteristics by the age of ______ years this is termed delayed puberty.
14
Amenorrhoea is defined as the absence of men- struation for more than ________ in the absence of pregnancy in a woman of fertile age, and oligomen- orrhoea is defined as irregular periods at intervals of more than _________, with only ____________ a year.
6 months
35 days
4–9 periods
Primary amenorrhoea is when girls fail to menstruate by ____ years of age
16
The crown–rump length (CRL) is used up until _____ weeks + ______, and the head circumference (HC) from _______ to _______
13; 6 days
14 to 20 weeks
The ______________is used up until 13 weeks + 6 days, and the ______________ from 14 to 20 weeks.
crown–rump length (CRL)
head circumference (HC)
PALM represents visually objective ____________ criteria: ______,______,________,________ , and COEIN for causes ________________ anomalies: _________, _________, __________ , __________,___________causes .
struc- tural
Polyps, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy
unrelated to structural
Coagulopathy, Ovulatory disorders, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, and Not classi- fied
PMB: bleeding ——————————————-. Exclude endometrial pathology or vaginal atrophy
more than 1 year after cessation of periods.
BEO: ‘______________________ ’, a diagnosis of exclusion, has replaced the term ‘________________________ ’ (DUB).
bleeding of endometrial origin
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
_______ is the most common type of menstrual bleed- ing disorder.
HMB
HMB replaces the older term ‘ ____________ ’.
menorrhagia
HMB is defined as a blood loss of greater than ______ per period.
80 ml
