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O And G Junior > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Menstruation is the regular ____________ of _______________ when _________________.

It is also called “periods”
Aim is to prepare the womb for implantation and conception

A

shedding of the uterine lining (endometrium)

pregnancy do not occur.

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2
Q

Menstrual cycle has 2 component:________ cycle & \________ cycle

It has 4 phases:list them

A

Ovarian; Uterine

menstrual, follicular/proliferative phase, ovulatory & luteal / secretory phase

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3
Q

Normal cycle length is _____ days (________)

Average duration of menses is _____ days (_____)

Normal estimated blood loss is approximately _____ ml (______)

Ovulation usually occurs on day _____
(36 hrs after the onset of mid-cycle LH surge)

A

28; 21 - 35

3-5 ; 2-8

30; 20-80

14

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4
Q

• Ovarian cycle: ______ and _______
• Uterine cycle: _______ and _________

A

Follicular & Luteal
Proliferative & Secretory

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5
Q

Ovarian Follicular development

• Fetus: ________ in 20 wks
• At birth: ___________
• At puberty: ————-
• Release during ovulation: ________
• At menopause: _________

A

6-7 million

1-2 million

300,000

400-500

virtually none

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6
Q

Hypothalamic role in the menstrual cycle

hypothalamus secretes _________ in a ________ fashion and its activity is first evident at —————

A

GnRH

pulsatile

puberty

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7
Q

Hypothalamic role in menstrual cycle

Follicular phase GnRH pulses occur ______
Luteal phase GnRH pulses occur every __________

A

hourly

90 minutes

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8
Q

Release of GnRH is modulated by –ve feedback by:
__________,_________

Release of GnRH is also modulated by external neural signals

A

steroids
gonadotropins

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9
Q

Follicular phase

Begins with ______ on day ____ of the menstrual cycle & ends with ____________

A

menses;1

ovulation

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10
Q

Follicular phase

• RECRUITMENT
FSH  maturation of a ______________ “recruitment”
 only ______ reaches maturity

A

cohort of ovarian follicles

one

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11
Q

Follicular Phase

SELECTION OF DOMINANT FOLLICLE
• Usually occurs on day _____
• It depends on
- the intrinsic capacity of the follicle to ________________

A

5-7

synthesize estrogen

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12
Q

Follicular Phase
As the follicle mature , there is increased estrogen leading to __________FSH
“-ve feed back on the pituitary”

the follicle with the ____________________ will continue to thrive
• The other follicles “that were recruited” will become _________

A

highest numbers of FSH receptors

Decreased

atretic

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13
Q

Follicular Phase

FSH ACTIONS
- _________
-mitogenic effect : increased No. of granulosa cells leading to __________ FSH receptor
-stimulates __________ activity
- __________ LH receptors

• ESTROGEN
Acts synergistically with ____ to
- ___________ and —————— in granulosa & theca cells

• LH Acts on ______ cells to increase uptake of _____________ and ________ that is converted to _________ and ————

A

recruitment; increased

aromatase; increased

FSH; induce LH receptors; induce FSH receptors

theca; cholesterol & LDL

androstenedione & testosterone

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14
Q

Aromatase activity

conversion of ___________ to ___________ “__________ and __________”

A

androgens; estrogens

estrone & estradiol

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15
Q

Two cell two gonadotrophin theory

with LH stimulation, the ovarian ______ cells produce ————- is converted by __________ cells into __________ under the stimulus of _______

A

theca; androgen; granulosa; estrogens

FSH

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16
Q

-INHIBIN
Local peptide in the _________

-ve feed back on _______________

Locally enhances ____-induced ___________ production

A

follicular fluid

pituitary FSH secretion

LH; androstenedione

17
Q

ACTIVIN
Found in __________
Stimulates _______ induced __________ production

_____ease gonadotropin receptors
_____ease androgen

A

follicular fluid

FSH; estrogen

Increase; decrease

18
Q

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK ON THE PITUITARY
• ______________ and _________ cause -ve feed back on pituitary   FSH
• This mechanism operating since childhood

A

increased estradiol & inhibin

19
Q

POSITIVE FEEDBACK ON THE PITUITARY
__________________________ (reaching a threshold concentration) leads to +ve feed back on the pituitary (facilitated by low levels of _______________ ) leading to a ____________ which leads to secretion of progestrone

Operates after puberty
+ve feed back on pituitary   FSH

A

super increased estradiol

progestrone; LH surge

20
Q

Pre-Ovulation period

LH SURGE
Lasts for ______
Ovulation occurs after ______
Accompanied by __________________ level
Triggers the resumption of meiosis
Affects follicular wall  follicular rupture
Granulosa cells  lutenization  progestrone synthesis

A

48 hrs ; 36 hrs

rapid fall in estradiol

21
Q

Luteal phase

___________ days

FORMATION OF THE ____________

A

LASTS 14

CORPUS LUTEUM

22
Q

Luteal phase

Marked increase in ________ secretion

which peak ____ days after ovulation (day _____ )

Corpus luteum is sustained by _____\

A

progestrone

7; 21

LH

23
Q

Luteal phase

Progestrone actions:
-suppress _____________ on the ipsilateral ovary
-__________ activity which increases basal body temp
-endometrial ————-

A

follicular maturation

thermogenic

maturation

24
Q

Late luteal phase

_________ estrogen & progestrone leading to _________ FSH &LH

The new cycle starts with the beginning of _________

If pregnancy occurs , ________ secretion would help to maintain the corpus luteum

A

Decreased ; increased

menses

hCG

25
Q

Uterine cycle

Endometrium has 3 layers
• _______ layer of the endometrium  innermost layer
-Adjacent to the _________
-Unresponsive to __________
-Remains ____________________

A

Basal; myometrium

hormonal stimulation

intact throughout the menstrual cycle

26
Q

Uterine cycle

Functional layer of the endometrium

Composed of 2 layers

-zona __________ aka ___________ layer

  • _______________ layer aka __________ layer
A

compacta; superficial

Spongiosum; middle

27
Q

Uterine Cycle

Follicular /proliferative phase

 endometrial thickness from _____ to ________ (from one basalis to opposite basalis layer)

A

2 to 8 mm

28
Q

Uterine cycle

Luteal /secretory phase
Progestrone - Mitotic activity is severely restricted
-Endometrial glands produce then secrete
glycogen rich vacuoles
-Stromal oedema
-Stromal cells enlargement
-Spiral arterioles develop, lengthen & coil

A

Lmao

O And G Junior (20 decks)

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