PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PREGNANCY: IMMUNOLOGICAL, GIT, METABOLIC & ENDOCRINE

Question 1

THE FETUS IS __________- MATERNAL TOLERANCE OF FETAL TISSUES

Answer 1

ALLOGENEIC

Question 2

Effector cells of the immune system act to (promote or limit?) placental development.

Answer 2

promote and yet limit placental

Question 3

The _________________________ immune shift during pregnancy is well established.

Answer 3

T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 2 (Th2)

Question 4

In pregnancy,

cell-mediated immune and humoral (hormones and cytokines) mechanisms
pregnancy may be a state of upregulated _______ immune response and decreased _________ response. DYNAMIC CHANGES.

Answer 4

innate

cell-mediated

Question 5

fine balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory influences is critical for successful pregnancy.

T/F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

GIT Changes

_________ Taste

_________ Motility, _________ absorption of salt and water

_________

Answer 6

Altered Taste

Decreased Motility, increased absorption of salt and water

Heartburn

Question 7

GIT Changes

Increased hepatic __________ of __________, __________ and __________

Decreased hepatic __________ of __________

Gall bladder __________ in size, empties more (slowly or quickly?)

Answer 7

synthesis ; Albumin ; globulin ; fibrinogen

extraction ; amino-acids

increases ; slowly

Question 8

Carbs and lipids metabolism

PREGNANCY IS ____________ and ___________

Answer 8

HYPERLIPIDAEMIC AND GLUCOSURIC

Question 9

Carbs and lipids metabolism

FIRST HALF- ———- PLASMA GLUCOSE, _________________ INSULIN

SECOND HALF- _______________ INSULIN, _________________ PLASMA GLUCOSE

Answer 9

REDUCED; LITTLE CHANGE IN

INCREASED; HIGHER VALUES OF

Question 10

Carbs and lipids metabolism

_________________ INSULIN RESISTANCE

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL (FALLS or RISES?) EARLY, THEN (FALLS or RISES?).

Answer 10

INCREASED

FALLS

RISES

Question 11

Carbs and lipids metabolism

INCREASED INSULIN RESISTANCE: ———-,__________ , other growth related hormones

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL FALLS EARLY, REACHES LOWEST LEVEL AT _______ WK, THEN RISES, INCREASE IN ________ and ________________

Answer 11

hPL ; Cortisol

6-8

FFA AND COMPLEX LIPIDS.

Question 12

Hormones produced within pregnant uterus

PREGNANCY SPECIFIC : ____,______

HYPOTHALAMUS RELATED: ______,______

PITUITARY RELATED :______,______

OTHER PEPTIDE HORMONES: IGF I&II, 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, Parathormone related peptide, Renin, Angiotensin II

STEROID HORMONES: _________,__________

Answer 12

hCG
hPL

GnRH
CRF

hGH
ACTH

Oestradiol, Progesterone

Question 13

Change in Thyroid function

______ has thyrotrophic activity

TFT is ___________

_____ease Iodine Uptake

Answer 13

hCG

remains normal

Incr