CERVICAL CYTOLOGY AND COLPOSCOPY Flashcards
Gross Anatomy of the cervix
The cervix is the _____ part of the _______
It is _______ or _______ in shape
lower
uterus
cylindrical or conical
Gross Anatomy of the Cervix
It measures _____cm in length and ______cm in diameter
3-4
3.4-3.5
Cervix varies in size and shape depending on ______,________, and _____________ of the woman
age, parity and hormonal status
The lower part of the cervix is called ___________ and protrudes into the vagina
The upper part half called ________ portion and remains above the vagina
portio-vaginalis
supravaginal
The cervix opens into the vagina through the __________________
external os
The supavaginal portion meets the body the body of the uterus at the ________________.
internal os
In the parous women the cervix is ________ and the external os appears as a ______,_______,__________ _______
In the nulliparous women the external resembles a _____,________, (_________) opening
bulky; wide, gaping, transverse slit
small circular (pinhole)
Microscopic anatomy of the cervix
The cervix is covered by two types of epithelium:
___________ epithelium
______________ epithelium
The 2 types of epithelium meet at the __________ junction
Stratified squamous
Columnar
squamocolumnar
A large area of the ecto cervix is covered by the _______________, ________ containing _________ epithelium.
stratified non-keratinizing
glycogen
squamous
Squamous epithelium
It is opaque, has multiple (15-20) layers of cells and appears ____ in colour on visual examination.
The intermediate and superficial layer cells contain abundant _________ in their cytoplasm
pink; glycogen
Squamous Epithelium
Since ________ readily stains glycogen, application of __________ on the squamous epithelium will result in ___________ or__________ colouration.
iodine; Lugol’s iodine
Mahogany brown or black
In post menopausal women the squamous epithelium of the cervix is ______, does not —————— . It looks ______ and brittle and does not ___________
thin; contain glycogen
pale
stain iodine
Columnar Epithelium
The _________ is lined with columnar epithelium- ________ layer of tall columnar cells
endocervical canal; single
Columnar epithelium of the cervix
On visual examination it appears as a ______ , strikingly _______ area because the thin single layer allows the colouration of the underlying stromal(with blood vessels) to be seen more easily.
grainy; reddish
The _____________ cells secrete mucus that lubricates cervix and vagina
columnar
Columnar epithelium of the cervix produces glycogen
T/F?
F
Columnar epithelium does not produce glycogen
So it does not produce colour change after application of iodine
Cytology
______________ from the cervix
Cells are taken from the _______________
Exfoliated cell
transformation zone
The transformation zone is that part of the cervix where __________________________
A good smear should contain all the cells in the transformation zone- ________,________, and __________
columnar cells are undergoing squamous metaplasia .
metaplasia, columnar cells and squamous cells
How to take a Pap smear
Patient in ________ position
______ slide labelled –name, hospital no and date
Fixative absolute alcohol-___% alcohol
Take all these to patients couch
Pass a ___________ to expose the cervix
Insert end of ________ into external os os and take a smear from the _____________
dorsal; Frosted
90; Cuscos speculum
Aryes spatula
transformation- zone
The colposcope is typically defined as a __________ _____nocular field microscope with a _______ focal length and powerful light source
stereoscopic binocular
long
Colposcopy is indicated whenever a ________ examination of cervical _________ and __________ character are needed
magnified; topography
epithelial
Common indications of Colposcopy include:
__________ or __________ abnormality of the cervix
Abnormal cervical _________
________ screening test for cervical neoplasia such as VIA and VILI
Grossly visible or palpable
cytology
Positive
Cervical cytology alone gives you the diagnosis of precancer of the cervix
T/F
F
Cervical cytology alone does not give you the diagnosis of precancer of the cervix
Diagnosis of the precancer of the cervix is made _____________
histologically
___________ is done after abnormal cytology report is obtained
Colposcopy
Precancer is diagnosed following _________ examination of a _________ directed _______ specimen of the cervix.
histological
colposcopically
biopsy
