Week 1 Flashcards by Emma Light

What are the four places to find Normal Flora

GI Tract
Urinary Tract
Skin
Respiratory Tract

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What 4 factors contribute to microorganism growth?

Temperature
Moisture
Darkness
Food

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What are the 2 types of MRSA?

Hospital acquired

Community acquired

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What 4 components of the Chain of Infection

Reservoir
Infectious Agent
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry

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What is an AIRBORNE disease?

TB, Measles

Spread by droplet nuclei that can live suspended in air

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What is an DROPLET infection?

Flu, pneumonia, Pertussis

Spread through sneezing, coughing, talking

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What are some portal of entry for disease?

Mouth, nose, eye, etc.

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What are the 5 types of infection?

Nosocomal
Latent
Opportunistic
Acute 
Chronic

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In what period of infection is a patient the most contagious?

Prodromal

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What is a nosocomial infection?

Hospital acquired infection

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What are the four telltale signs of inflammation?

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

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What are the three categories of transmisstion?

Airborne
Droplet
Contact

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In what order do you don PPE?

Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves

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In what order do you remove PPE?

Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask

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What does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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What are the 3 types of immunity?

Innate/Natural
Active
Passive

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What are the types of Active Immunity?

Acquired Active: after infection get antibodies

Artificially Active: vaccine

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How is Hepatitis A spread?

Fecal/oral route

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How is Hepatitis B transmittted?

Blood, semen, saliva

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What is the medical asepsis?

Destroying organisms after they leave the body

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What is surgical asepsis?

Destroying organisms before they enter the body

Techniques used to maintain sterility

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Define parameters of STERILE

Killing all microorganisms pathogenic and nonpathogenic

Mostly heat used

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Define parameters of DISINFECTION

destroy or inhibit activity of disease causing organisms

does not include spores and some viruses

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What are some methods of disinfection?

Boil
Germicides
Steam
1:10 bleach solution

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Define parameters of santizing

Inhibits or inactivates pathogens

What are some methods for santizing?

Ultrasonic Soap and Water Alcohol based

What is an ANTISEPTIC

inhibits growth of microorganisms of skin surfaces

What does SDS stand for?

Safety Data Sheet

"Treat all bodily fluids as if they were contaminated with harmful pathogens" summarizes what concept?

Standard precautions which were developed by the CDC

The development of Universal Precautions was in response to ________ in order to protect workers and patients from:

AIDS epidemic | HIV, HVB, & other blood borne pathogens

What is the average heart rate for less than a year old

Newborn: 120-160

What is the normal heart rate for 2-6 years? What is the normal heart rate for 7-10years?

1-3: 80-120 | 3-5: 80-100

What is the average heart rate for 11-16 years? What is the average heart rate for 16+ years of age?

6-15: 70-90 | 16+: 60-100

What is the normal respiration rate for a newborn?

30-50 breaths per minute

Low blood volume would cause:

Thready pulse

High blood volume would cause a:

Bounding pulse

When taking orthostatic BP measurements, how long does each position wait before taking BP

2 minutes for each

What is the suffix for "hardening"

-sclerosis

What is the prefix for "vein"

phleb-

What is the root meaning "eating swallowing"

-phagia

What does the suffix "-clast" indicate

break

What is the suffix for "vomiting"

-emesis

If a patient is in the prone position, describe their positioning

Laying face down

What is the prefix meaning "respiratory"

pulm-

What is the prefix "ad-" indicate?

Towards

What does the prefix "anti-" mean

Against

What does the prefix "ab-" mean?

Away

What does the root word "thromb" mean?

Clot

What major organs are located in the RUQ?

Liver | Gallbladder

What major organs are located in the RLQ?

Right ovary and fallopian tube | Appendix

What major organs are in the LUQ:

Stomach Pancreas Spleen

What major organs are located in the LLQ?

Left ovary, fallopian tube

A temperature of less than 95F is called:

Hypothermia

A temperature of greater than 100.4 but less than 106.7 is termed:

Pyrexia or fever

What is a temperature of greater than 106.7 termed?

Hyperthermia

List the 4 types of fever

Intermittent Remittent Relapsing Constant

What is the name of the pain scale used with faces?

Wong-Baker

What is the pain scale used for infants?

Flacc scale based on movements

At what age is the Hepatitis A vaccine administered?

12 mo+

What are some symptoms of Hep A?

Vomiting, jaundice | Spread via Oral/Fecal route so symptoms associated with gastrointestinal issues

What are some symptoms of Hepatitis B?

Dark urine, whitish stools | Spread via contaminated fluids

How is Hepatitis C spread?

Bodily blood, mom/baby

What are ranges for prehypertension?

SYS: 120-139 DIA: 80-89

What are ranges for hypertension?

SYS: 140-179 DIA: 90-109

What is considered a hypertensive crisis?

SYS: 180+ DIA: 110+

What is the procedure for taking a Tympanic temperature on child less than 3 years of age?

Pull ear downward and back

What is the procedure for taking a Tympanic temperature for someone older than 4?

Pull up and outwards

What is the "correct" order of vital signs?

Temp BPM RPM BP

How many lbs are in 1 kilogram?

2.2 lbs = 1 kg

How many kg are in 1 lb?

.45 kg = 1 lb