Test 3 Flashcards by Emma Light

What result would you get from a QUALitative test?

Has a +/- indication

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What is a requisition form?

Info about test being performed, now all in Athena

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What does POL stand for?

Physician office, Reference Lab, AKA CLIA
Usually not in a specialty office

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What is a capillary stick?

Finger stick

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What is the difference between an outside lab and a reference lab?

Outside lab: hospital setting
Reference Lab: associated with medical school, teaching, privately owned

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What does QNS stand for?

Quantity Not Sufficient

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What kind of diseases would be observed at an outside lab?

More rare or complicated diseases

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What are the 4 types of Urine samples?

First of Morning/First Void
Clean Catch Midstream
24-Hour Specimen
Random sample

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What test is usually performed by the MA having to do with stool

Hemacult

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What type of liquid is not part of a fasting diet?

Dairy, energy drinks, gum

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What is the difference between Quality Control and Quality Assurance?

Control: calibration, control soln, mock tests, proof results are accurate
Assurance: ensure requirements are met and results are accurate

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What does CLIA stand for?

Clinical Lab Improvement Ammendments

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What are the Categories of Lab Testing (3)?

Waived
Moderate Complexity
High Complexity

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Describe a Waived Lab Test

Performed by a MA
Urinalysis, Dip Stick
Fit Tests
Strep/Flu
Glucose, Hemoglobin
Pregnancy

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What is an example of a Moderate Complexity Test?

Microscope of Urine Sediment

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What are 2 examples of High Complexity Tests?

Cytology & Pathology

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Name 5 pieces of lab equipment

1.) Autoclave
2.) Photometer
3.) Centrifuge
4.) Incubator
5.) Microscope

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If performing a Urinalysis, if you are not performing testing within ___ hours of collection, where should you store the sample?

2
Fridge

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What is the usual minimum collection amount required for a urinalysis?

10 mL

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During a 24-HR Urination Collection, which micturition should you NOT collect?

Void the first of the 1st day in the toilet, mark the time on the collection unit, and then start collecting for next 24 hours

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What are 3 observable properties of urine?

Color, clarity, smell

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What does Turbid mean?

Cloudy

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A patient with PKU might have urine that smells:

musty

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A patient who is taking Diuretics might have this property to their urine

It might be clear

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If you detect a sort of fruity smell to urine, what could this indicate about the patient?

Diabetes

What do Ketones in the urine indicate?

Fat is being burned instead of glucose for energy

What results can an occult hematuria provide?

Indications for anemia, UTI, Kidney Stones

A CBC is observing the:

Formed elements of blood

What can an irregular RBC indicate?

Anemia Polycythemia

What is a reticulocyte?

Immature RBC

What is the difference between Hgb and Hct?

Hgb is Hemoglobin Hct is Hematocrit

What do Hct levels indicate about the body?

Percent of the total volume of blood that is RBC

What is the term for preventing blood clotting

Anticoagulant

What is the usual ratio of Hct to Hgb

Hct is usually 3 times higher than Hgb

What do Hgb levels indicate?

Protein that indicates how much O2 and CO2 blood can transport

What does ESR stand for?

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

What could an elevated ESR indicate

Inflammation

What does PT/INR mean?

PT: Prothrombin time INR: International Normalized Ratio - allows specimens performed at different laboratories to have consistent results

What was does an A1C tell us about the body?

Capillary blood test shows diabetes control over an approximate 3-month period

What is Troponin?

Cardiac enzyme released when heart is damaged

What does BMP stand for?

Basic Metabolic Panel

Define: infection

Invasion and proliferation of pathogens in body tissues

Define Fomite

Any non-living object/substance capable of carrying infectious organism

What is the study of fungi

Mycology

What is the technical term for head lice

Pediculosis

What shape are bacterial spores?

Bacillus

What are three possible locations for a capillary puncture?

Great or ring finger Infant Heel Ear lobe

Name the 4 prominent arm veins

1.) Median cubital 2.) Basilic 3.) Cephalic 4.) Median Antebrachial

Where is the basilic vein?

Forearm & hand

Where is the Cephalic vein?

Lateral side of the arm

What is the most common vein for a venipuncture?

Median cubital

What is the term for the inner elbow region?

Antecubital

What is the semi-Fowler position used for?

Helps patients who feel woozy after a blood draw

About how many inches above the elbow do you place a tourniquet for a venipuncture?

3-4" above venipuncture site

What gauge needle is used for most adult blood draws?

21-22 gauge

What is the vasovagal response?

Fainting because triggered from venipuncture, stress, anxiety

What is the term for RBC breakdown?

Hemolysis

The OTC Azo makes urine what color?

Orange

What is a thrombocyte

Platelet

What are 4 reasons you would not draw blood from a particular arm?

Recent mastectomy Bruising Tattoos Fistual

List the order of draw using color vacuum containers

1.) Yellow 2.) Blue 3.) Red 4.) Gold/Tiger Top 5.) Green 6.) Lavender 7.) Gray

List the order of draw using names

1.) Blood culture 2.) Citrate 3.) Serum 4.) Serology 5.) Heparin 6.) EDTA 7.) Oxalate

What is a specimen?

Sample from the body

What does CLIA stand for?

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

Why was CLIA formed?

Developed by CMS in response to widespread concern over the accuracy of laboratory test

What is the additive for a Yellow Top evacuated blood tube

SPS

What is plasma

The liquid component of blood (mostly water)

What is the additive in a Citrate evacuated tube?

Sodium citrate

What is the additive in a Serum evacuated tube

No additive

What is the additive in the Heparin evacuate blood collection tube?

Heparin

What is the additive in the EDTA evacuated blood collection tube?

EDTA

What is the additive in the Oxalate tube?

Either Sodium Flouride (NaF) or Potassium Oxalate

What is serum?

Plasma without the fibrinogen

What does QC stand for?

Quality control

What is the technical term for fainting?

Sycope

What does C & S stand for?

Culture and Sensitivity

What is the normal color of Urine

Straw/pale yellow

What are the 5 routine urinalysis categories?

Appearance (clarity/turbity) Color Specific gravity Odor Quantity

What is pyuria?

Pus or WBC in the urine

What is the normal amount of urine excretion for an adult?

700-2,000 mL

What kind of pH could you expect in a patient with a possible UTI?

Alkaline (more basic/<7)

What is the definition of POC?

Tests that can be done during a physical exam or at a patient's beside with results that can be quickly received to help the physician make patient care decisions

List the 4 main components of blood

RBC WBC Platelets Plasma

What is the most common method of venipuncture?

Vacuum container

Define Hematopoiesis

Formation of RBC

What do Hematocrit levels tell us about the body?

How much of the total volume of blood is composed of Erythrocytes

What does BUN stand for?

Blood urea nitrogen

What do BUN levels indicate about the body?

Indications for liver metabolism

What are the 3 main sites for venipuncture

Median cubital Cephalic Basilic

What cell shape are STDs?

Spirillum

Staphylococci bacteria are in what configuration?

Clusters

Streptococci bacteria are in what configuration?

Chains

Diplococci bacteria are in what configuration?

Pairs

In a Gram stain test, what color is a Gram Negative bacteria

Pink

In a Gram stain test, what color are Gram Positive Bacteria?

Purple

What does PTT stand for?

Partial Thromboplastin Time

What is PTT used for?

Determines the length of time it takes for a fibrinin clot to form and thus helps provider determine which specific clotting factors are affected

What solution is used in a wet mount?

KOH AKA Potassium Hydroxide

What does PP/PC mean?

Post prandial

What is normal Hgb for a male?

13-18

What is normal Hgb for a female?

12-16

What is the difference between a WBC and a CBC?

CBC is Complete Blood Count, so a WBC (White Blood Count) is a component of a CBC

Heparin is an:

Anticoagulant

What is a monocyte?

A type of leukocyte

How often would you perform a QC test on a glucometer?

Everyday

Define Fistula in regards to phlebotomy

Abnormal connection between an artery/vein

A BMP is what type of test?

Blood test

What is being tested in the Citrate blood test?

Coagulation, PT, PTT

What is being tested in the Culture blood draw?

Bacterial studies

What is being tested in the Serum blood collection?

Chemistry

What 4 things are being tested in a Heparin blood draw?

Electrolyte Renal Function Plasma Anticoagulation

What is being tested in the EDTA blood collection?

CBC ESR

What is being tested in the Oxalate blood test?

Glucose Lactic Acid

What does the afferent arteriole in the kidney use to move filtrate into the glomerulus?

Hydrostatic pressure: the large arteriole into the small corpuscle to force it to filter want max flow/volume