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Neuro-Unit 1 > Wednesday, 3-30-Superficial Face And Scalp (Stephens) > Flashcards

Wednesday, 3-30-Superficial Face And Scalp (Stephens) Flashcards

1
Q

This layer of the scalp has a superficial, fatty fairly avascular portion as well as a vascular deep portion. Scalp lacerations involving the deep portion of this layer tend to bleed profusely

A

Close, SubQ tissue layer

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2
Q

The occipito-frontalis muscle is found in this scalp layer; scalp avulsions tend to occur in this layer

A

Aponeurotic layer (galea aponeurotica)

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3
Q

Infections in this scalp layer spread readily through emissary veins, to the venous sinuses surrounding the brain. This space is opened during surgical approaches to the upper orbits, neurosurgery, and in removal of cadaveric brain

A

Loose subaponeurotic layer

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4
Q

__ of the cranium has very poor osteogeneic (regenerative) properties, and is relatively insensitive to pain

A

Periosteum

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5
Q

List the branch of the trigeminal n.:

___ supplies skin in the temporal region and sensory fibers to ear

___ supplies skin in the anterior temporal region

___ supplies skin on the lateral aspect of the forehead and scalp

___ supplies skin on the medial aspect of the forehead and scalp

A

Auriculotemporal n.

Zygomaticotemporal n.

Supraorbital n.

Supratrochlear n.

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6
Q

List the branches of the external carotid a.:

__ supplies the occipital region

__ supplies the region behind the ear

__ supplies the temporal region

A

Occipital a.

Posterior auricular a.

Superficial temporal a.

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7
Q

List the branches of the internal carotida a. Via the opthalmic a.:

___ supplies the lateral forehead and scalp

___ supplies the medial forehead and scalp

A

Supraorbital a.

Supratrochlear a.

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8
Q

List the companion artery to the nerve:
Greater occipital n=___

Lesser occipital n.=___

Auriculotemporal n.=____

Supraorbital n.=___

Supratrochlear n.=___

A

Occipital a.

Posterior auricular a.

Superficial temporal a.

Supraorbital a.

Supratrochlear a.

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9
Q

The veins that drain the scalp are named the same as the arteries. Scalp veins may drain indirectly into the dural venous sinuses via ___ veins which is an important route for the spread of infections to the brain

A

Emissary

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10
Q

What is embedded in the parenchyma of the parotid gland?

A
  • facial n.
  • retromandibular v.
  • external carotid a.
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11
Q

What is the relationship of the retromandibular v and external carotid a to the facial n. In the parotid fascia?

A

They lie deep to the facial nerve and embedded in the gland

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12
Q

Arising from the superior cervical ganglion, postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the parotid gland travel through the ___ before terminating in the parenchyma of the parotid gland

A

Internal carotid plexus –> carotico-tympanic n. –> tympanic plexus –> lesser petrosal n. –> otic ganglion (no synapse) –> auriculotemporal n.

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13
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus then course through ___ and then postganglionic fibers reach the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal n.

A

Glossopharyngeal n. (IX) –> tympanic n. –> tympanic plexus –> lesser petrosal n –> synapse on otic ganglion

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14
Q

This nucleus receives SVA taste impulses from taste buds on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Solitary nucleus (facial n.)

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15
Q

This nucleus innervates the muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, posterior digastric, and stapedius

A

Motor nucleus of VII

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16
Q

This nucleus supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the sphenopalatine and submandibular ganglia, which send postganglionic fibers to the lacrimal and submaxillary glands, respectively

A

Superior salivatory nucleus

17
Q

Describe the course of the facial n. And list the 3 branches as it courses through the facial canal:

A

Facial n. Exits the brain stem –> passes through internal auditory canal –> enters facial canal –> facial n. Exits facial canal at stylomastoid foramen

3 branches of the facial n. During course through facial canal:

  • Nerve to stapedius muscle
  • Greater superficial petrosal nerve
  • Chorda tympani nerve
18
Q

A lesion of the nerve to stapedius muscles results in ___

A lesion of the greater superficial petrosal nerve results in ___

A lesion of the chorda tympani nerve results in ___

A
  • Hyperacusis
  • Decreased lacrimation
  • Loss of taste sensations from anterior 2/3 tongue and decreased salivation from the submaxillary glands
19
Q

What is the innervation, function, and a clinical sign for the frontalis muscle?

A
  • Temporal n.
  • Raises eyebrows
  • Inability to elevate eyebrows
20
Q

What is the innervation, function, and clinical signs of orbicularis oculi muscle?

A
  • temporal and zygomatic
  • blinking or winking eyelids
  • drooping of lower lid, spilling of tears, corneal drying
21
Q

What is the innervation, function, and clinical signs of zygomatic major muscle?

A
  • zygomatic
  • smiling
  • inability to elevate and retract the angle of the mouth
22
Q

What is the innervation, function, and clinical sign for the orbicularis oris muscle?

A
  • buccal
  • puckering lips
  • drooling of saliva from the corner of the mouth
23
Q

What is the innervation, function, and clinical sign of the platysma muscle?

A
  • cervical
  • flaring of neck
  • flaring of anterior neck
24
Q

List signs and symptoms of bell’s palsy:

A
  • Ectropion: drooping of the lower lid
  • piphora: spilling of tears from eye
  • drying of cornea
  • inability to wink
  • unequal smile
  • drooling from corner of mouth
  • hyperacusis
25
Q

All of the muscles of facial expression are innervated by the ___ n.

A

Facial

26
Q

List signs associated with paralysis of orbicularis oculi:

A

Drooping of lower lid (ectropion)
Spilling of tears (epiphora)
Corneal drying

27
Q

Describe signs of paralysis of the orbicularis oris muscle:

A

Drooling of saliva from corner of mouth

28
Q

This muscle of facial expression is responsible for manipulation of food in the mouth and sucking or blowing actions:

A

Buccinator

29
Q

List the branch of the facial a with what it supplies:

__ supplies the lower lip
__ supplies the upper lip
__ supplies the lateral aspect of the nose
__ supplies medial aspect of orbit terminal branch of facial; anastomoses with branches of the opthalmic a.

A

Inferior labial a.
Superior labial a.
Lateral nasal a.
Angular a.

30
Q

Infections in the region of the nose may spread to the veins and sinuses, which drain the brain via the anastomoses between the ___ veins

A

Angular and opthalmic

31
Q

__ vein is located superficial and lateral to the facial artery. It drains the infraorbital, cheek, and mental regions. It usually crosses the external carotid and empties into the IJV at or below the level of the hyoid

A

Facial

32
Q

___ is a short vein formed by the junction of the superficial temporal and maxillary veins. It is deep to the mandible, parotid gland, and the facial n. And lateral to ECA. IT IS AN IMPORTANT LANDMARK IN THE DISSECTION OF THE FACIAL n.and drains the temporal and cheek regions. It joins with the posterior auricular v to form the EJV

A

Retromandibular –> know its close relationship to facial n.

33
Q

___ is an intractable pain of the face usually associated with one or more of the sensory dermatomes of the trigeminal nerve. Pain may be due to abnormal seizure-like activity in the trigeminal sensory nucleus, which may be triggered by stimulation of one of its sensory branches

A

Trigeminal neuralgia or Tic Douloureux

34
Q

List the branches off of the Opthalmic division of V:

A
  • Supraorbital=skin of lateral aspect of forehead and scalp

- Supratrochlear=skin of medial aspect of forehead and scalp

35
Q

List the branches off of the Maxillary division of V

A
  • Infraorbital=skin of antero-superior cheek region

- Zygomaticofacial=skin of malar prominence

36
Q

List the branches off of the Mandibular division of V:

A
  • Auriculotemporal=skin of temporal region
  • Buccinator or buccal branch=mucous membrane and skin of inner and outer cheek. Buccinator n. Does NOT innervate buccinator m.
  • Mental=skin of chin
37
Q

List the layers of the scalp from superifical to deep

A 
Skin
Close subQ tissue layer
Aponeurotic layer
Loose subaponeurotic layer
Periosteum of the cranium

Neuro-Unit 1 (13 decks)

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