Tuesday, 3-22-Cervical and Cranial nerves (Stephens)

Question 1

___ innervates the strap muscles

Answer 1

Ansa cervicalis

• Superior root-C1-2
• Inferior root-C2-3

Question 2

What is the relationship of the ansa cervicalis to the hypoglossal n. and the IJV?

Answer 2

The superior root leaves the hypoglossal n. just below the posterior digastric m. The inferior root usually crosses lateral to the IJV

Question 3

The n. to thyrohyoid and CN XII can be located based on what neck landmark?

Answer 3

tip of the hyoid bone

Question 4

The __ n. forms just lateral to the anterior scalene muscle, descends vertically across the anterior surface of that muscle, and lies just posterior to the IJV and pre vertebral fascia.

Answer 4

phrenic

Question 5

In the root of the neck, the phrenic n. courses __ to the subclavian v.

Answer 5

posterior

Question 6

Although rare, ___ may result from neck tumors, aortic aneurysm, pericardial or mediastinal infections and inflammations. Pain may extend from the anterior borders of the lower ribs to the root of the neck. In most cases, pain is on the left side. Pneumonia may irritate the nerve or diaphragm and result in singultus (hiccups)

Answer 6

phrenic neuralgia

Question 7

___ of the extensor neck muscles occurs with neuralgia, various neck lesions, posterior fossa masses, meningeal irritation, or blood in the CSF

Answer 7

Nuchal rigidity

Question 8

___ fibers convey pain, temperature, tactile pressure and proprioception

Answer 8

General somatic afferent (GSA)

Question 9

___ fibers convey visceral pain (stretch, ischemia) and reflexes

Answer 9

General visceral afferent (GVA)

Question 10

__ fibers innervate muscle of myotomic origin

Answer 10

General somatic efferent (GSE)

Question 11

___ fibers are associated with the sympathetic (thoraco-lumbar) and parasympathetic (cranio-sacral) divisions of the ANS. There are no preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in any of the spinal nerves

Answer 11

General visceral efferent (GVE)

Question 12

What are the 3 special functional components of cranial nerves?

Answer 12

Special visceral afferent (SVA)
Special visceral efferent (SVE)
Special somatic afferent (SSA)

Question 13

___ fibers innervate structures of ectodermal origin. Sharp, highly localized sensations

Answer 13

GSA

Question 14

GSA fibers convey pain, temperature, tactile pressure and proprioception conveyed primarily by __ nerve

Answer 14

Trigeminal (V)

Question 15

___ fibers innervate structures of endodermal origin and has dull, aching, burning, poorly localized sensations

Answer 15

GVA

Question 16

The __ nerve has a huge distribution of GVA fibers to the mucosae of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue to the mid portion of the transverse colon.

Answer 16

Vagus

Question 17

GVE fibers are associated with the parasympathetic fibers coursing in the __ cranial nerves

Answer 17

III, VII, IX, X

Question 18

___ fibers convey olfactory (smell) and taste information.

Answer 18

SVA

Question 19

Taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue is by ___ n.

Taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue is by ___ n.

Answer 19

VII

IX

Question 20

__ fibers innervate muscles of branchiomeric origin

Answer 20

SVE

Question 21

SVE fiber innervate muscles of mastication via __ n.

SVE fibers innervate muscles of facial expression via __ n.

SVE fibers innervate larynx and pharynx via ___ n.

Answer 21

V

VII

X

Question 22

__ fibers are associated with the optic (II) and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerves

Answer 22

SSA (special somatic afferent)

Question 23

The ___ is THE sensory nucleus for all sensations from the face and only handles GSA’s

Answer 23

Trigeminal sensory complex

Question 24

The ___ nucleus of V receives proprioception information from the facial muscles

Answer 24

Mesencephalic

Question 25

The ___ nucleus of V receives precise tactile discrimination information from the face

Answer 25

Main sensory

Question 26

The ___ nucleus of V receives crude, tactile, pain, temperature information from the face

Answer 26

Descending nucleus

Question 27

The ___ is THE sensory nucleus from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue to the mid-portion of the transverse colon

Answer 27

Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS)

Question 28

The solitary nucleus receives taste (SVA) information form the anterior 2/3 of the tongue via __, posterior 1/3 of tongue via ___, and epiglottis via ___

Answer 28

CN VII CN IX CN X

Question 29

Olfaction (CN I) and taste information is via __ nerve fibers

Answer 29

Special Visceral afferent (sva)

Question 30

The __ nucleus innervates the superior, inferior, and medial recti, inferior oblique, and legator palpebrae superiors muscles via branches of occulomotor n.

Answer 30

occulomotor nucleus

Question 31

The __ nucleus innervates the superior oblique m.

Answer 31

trochlear

Question 32

The ___ nucleus innervates the lateral rectus m.

Answer 32

abducens

Question 33

The __ nucleus innervates all of the muscles associated with the tongue, except the palatoglossus

Answer 33

hypoglossal

Question 34

The __ nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion via branches of the occulomotor n.

Answer 34

Edinger-westphal

Question 35

The ciliary ganglion sends postganglionic fibers to the __

Answer 35

sphincter pupillae and ciliary mm. of the eye

Question 36

The __ nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the sphenopalatine and submandibular ganglia via CN VII

Answer 36

Superior salivatory

Question 37

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the sphenopalatine ganglion synapse on the ___

Answer 37

lacrimal gland

Question 38

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion synapse on the ___

Answer 38

submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 39

The ___ nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion via CN IX

Answer 39

Inferior salivatory

Question 40

The otic ganglion send postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ___

Answer 40

parotid gland

Question 41

The ___ nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the scattered ganglia in the larynx, pharynx, thorax, and abdomen via CN X

Answer 41

Dorsal motor

Question 42

___ fibers innervate muscles which are derived from the mesenchyme of the branchial arches

Answer 42

Special visceral efferent (SVE)

Question 43

The __ motor nucleus innervates muscles of facial expression ,stylohyoid, stapedius, and posterior digastric (Arch 2 derivatives)

Answer 43

Facial

Question 44

The ___ motor nucleus innervates the muscles of mastication, tensor palati, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, and anterior digastric (arch 1 derivatives)

Answer 44

trigeminal

Question 45

The ___ innervates the stylopharyngeus, palatoglossus, and the muscles of the palate, larynx, and pharynx, respectively (Arch 4 derivatives)

Answer 45

Nucleus ambiguus

Question 46

The __ nucleus innervates the SCM and trapezius muscles

Answer 46

Accessory

Question 47

Lesions of CN IX result in:

Answer 47

- Loss of gag reflex - Slight dysphagia - Loss of sensation in pharynx and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 48

Lesions of the CN X (pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal) result in:

Answer 48

- Dysphonia - Dysphagia - Dyspnea - Loss of gag or laryngeal cough reflex

Question 49

Unilateral lesions of CN XI result in:

Answer 49

Ipsilateral inability to shrug the shoulder, and flex and rotate the head

Question 50

Lesions of CN XII result in:

Answer 50

Deviation of the protruded tongue towards the affected side