Monday, 3-21-Superficial Triangles and Cervical Viscera (Stephens) Flashcards
What are 3 important landmarks of the neck?
6th cervical vertebra, Greater cornu of hyoid bone, Anterior scalene muscle
List Layer 1 of the lateral neck
- Platysma m.
- Ext. jugular v.
The ___ nerve is revealed by reflecting the SCM
spinal accessory
List layer 2 of the lateral neck
- SCM
- CN XI
List layer 3 of the lateral neck
- Ansa cervicalis
- Superior and inferior roots
- Superior and inferior omohyoid m
- Sternohyoid m.
- Sternothyroid m.
- Thyrohyoid m.
The ___ muscle crosses the anterolateral aspect of the neck from the SC joint to the mastoid process and is innervated by CN XI
SCM
The __ triangle is bordered by the middle 1/3 of the clavicle, trapezius, and SCM. Its roof is formed by platysma and investing fascia and its floor is covered by pre vertebral fascia
posterior (lateral) triangle
The ___ is formed by the conjunction of the posterior auricular and retromandibular veins
EJV
The ___ nerve enters the posterior (lateral) triangle slightly above the midpoint of the SCM, courses diagonally across the levator scapulae on the floor of the triangle, and exits the triangle at a point 5 cm above the clavicle at the anterior edge of the trapezius
CN XI
List the superficial branches of the cervical plexus
- lesser occipital (C2-3)
- Great auricular (C2-3)
- Transverse cervical (C2-3)
- Supraclavicular (C3-4)
In ~1/6 of cases, the ___ artery comes off the transverse cervical a
suprascapular a.
The ___ is the main landmark for the upper neck
tip of the hyoid bone
List the important neurovasculature structures of the carotid triangle
- internal carotid a.
- external carotid a
- superior thyroid a.
- superior laryngeal a.
- Lingual a.
- Facial a.
- Occipital a.
- Hypoglossal n.
- N. to thyrohyoid (C1)
List the important structures in the submandibular triangle
- Submandibular LNs
- Facial v and a
- Marginal branch of facial n.
Regarding innervation to the submandibular salivary gland, the ___ nucleus sends preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ___ ganglion. The postganglionic parasympathetic axons from this ganglion will go on to innervate the submandibular and __ salivary glands
- Superior salivatory
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers originate in the __ ganglion to reach the submandibular gland by coursing in the external carotid and facial plexuses in the adventitia of the respective arteries
superior cervical
The ___ plexus on the facial a. distributes postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
facial
In 50% of specimens, a __ lobe may extend upwards from the isthmus of the thyroid along the midline
pyramidal
Occasionally, some accessory thyroid tissue, an embryological remnant of the ___ duct, may continue superiorly through the hyoid bone towards the foramen caecum of the tongue. Cysts may form along the course of this tissue
thyroglossal
What is the relationship of the recurrent laryngeal n. to the thyroid gland?
The RLN is located medial to the lobes between the trachea and esophagus. It innervates all of the muscles of the larynx, except the cricothyroid
Where does the superior thyroid a. arise from?
external carotid a. (or common carotid)
Where does the inferior thyroid a. arise from?
thyrocervical trunk
___ is the key landmark to the root of the neck
anterior scalene m.
Removal of the parathyroid glands (as in a thyroidectomy) results in ___
tetany and ultimately death
