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Neuro-Unit 1 > Tuesday, 3-22-Blood Vessels and Lymphatics (Stephens) > Flashcards

Tuesday, 3-22-Blood Vessels and Lymphatics (Stephens) Flashcards

1
Q

The superior root of the ansa cervicalis is important to trace to find the ___ nerve

A

hypoglossal

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2
Q

where is the subclavian v relative to the clavicle?

A

immediately posterior

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3
Q

___ supplies 80% of the blood to the Circle of Willis and provides anterior circulation and most of cerebral hemisphere and upper brainstem

A

Internal carotids

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4
Q

___ arteries supply 20% of Circle of Willis and provides posterior circulation, especially the brainstem, cerebellum, and occipital lobe

A

Vertebral arteries

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5
Q

How is cerebral blood regulated?

A

Auto regulation

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6
Q

Changes in cerebral blood are auto-regulated to a degree. Significant shunting of blood from 1 region of circulation to another (i.e., anterior to posterior) may result in __ and __

A

hyperperfusion and cerebral edema

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7
Q

___ is caused by obstruction of the subclavian a. proximal to the vertebral a. It is characterized by episodic increases in peripheral circulatory demand in the associated extremity (usually due to physical work or exercise)

A

Subclavian steal syndrome

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8
Q

In subclavian steal syndrome, shunting of blood from the ___ circulation goes into the distal subclavian a.

A

vertebro-basilar

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9
Q

What are clinical signs of subclavian steal syndrome?

A
  • dizziness
  • cranial n. dysfuction
  • paralysis
  • loss of consciousness
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10
Q

Describe the location of the 1st part of the subclavian a.

A

medial to the medial border of the anterior scalene m.

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11
Q

The __ branches off of the 1st part of subclavian a. and courses superiorly through the transverse foramina of C6-C1, the foramen magnum, and merges to form the basilar a.

A

vertebral a.

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12
Q

The components of the circle of willis are ___ arteries

A
  • anterior communicating
  • anterior cerebral
  • posterior communicating
  • posterior cerebral
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13
Q

What are the 8 branches off of the ECA beginning with the most inferior to most superior:

A
  • Superior thyroid a
  • Ascending pharyngenal a.
  • Lingual a.
  • Facial a.
  • Occipital a.
  • Posterior auricular a.
  • Superficial temporal a.
  • Maxillary a.
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14
Q

Branching of the common carotid a into the ECA and ICA begins with this landmark

A

Tip of the hyoid bone

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15
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid a. travel and what are its branches?

A

Inferior thyroid a. cross the anterior scalene m. behind the carotid sheath
Branches are Ascending cervical a. and inferior laryngeal a. (enters larynx with recurrent laryngeal n.)

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16
Q

What is the landmark for locating where the vertebral a. branches?

A

C6

17
Q

Where is the 2nd part of the subclavian a.?

A

immediately posterior to anterior scalene m.

18
Q

Where is the 3rd part of the subclavian a.?

A

lateral to the lateral border of anterior scalene m. and medial to superior border of 1st rib. Dorsal scapular may arise from the 3rd part

19
Q

When removing the thyroid, which arterial branches/blood supply needs to be preserved?

A

branches to the parathyroid glands

20
Q

The vertebral a. terminates as the ___ artery and supplies posterior circulation

A

Basilar

21
Q

What is the 1st branch off of the ICA?

A

Opthalmic a.–> branches at levels of carotid siphon

22
Q

Within the cranial vault, the ICA bifurcates into the __ and __ arteries

A

Anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries

23
Q

What is the major branch of the superior thyroid a.?

A

Superior laryngeal a.

24
Q

What are the 3 branches of the facial a.?

A

Inferior and superior labial arteries
Lateral nasal a.
Angular a. (termination of facial a.)

25
Q

The __ artery is a branch off of the ECA at the level of the apex of the styloid process

A

Posterior auricular a.

26
Q

This artery is used in neurosurgial procedures to bypass obstructions of the middle cerebral a.

A

Superficial temporal a.

27
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the maxillary a.?

A
  • mandibular (1st portion)
  • pterygoid (2nd portion)
  • sphenopalatine (3rd portion)
28
Q

What structures/regions does the maxillary a. provide blood supply?

A

Infratemporal fossa
Posterior 2/3 of nasal cavity
-Hard palate (roof of mouth)

29
Q

The middle meningeal a. may be ruptured with head trauma. The hemorrhaging separates the endocranium and dura mater and creates a rapidly expanding blood clot in the epidural space called a ___

A

epidural hematoma

30
Q

The __ vein drains the neck, face, and part of the brain. It empties into the subclavian or brachiocephalic veins

A

EJV

31
Q

The ___ vein is formed by the superficial temporal and maxillary veins

A

retromandibular

32
Q

The __ is an extensive venous network located on the lateral surface of the medial pterygoid muscle and surrounding he lateral pterygoid muscle. It drains into the deep facial, maxillary, and retromandibular veins

A

pterygoid plexus

33
Q

The ___ drains primarily the brain as well as some of the face and neck. it courses from the jugular foramen to the interval between the SC heads of the SCM

A

IJV

34
Q

The ___ of the IJV is located in the jugular fossa and does not have a valve

A

superior bulb

35
Q

The __ of the IJV is located posterior to the interval between the SC heads of the SCM muscle and DOES have a valve that can be visualized on ultrasound

A

inferior bulb

36
Q

All cervical LNs are located along the length of what major vessel?

A

IJV

37
Q

What are the 2 most important groups of the deep cervical LNs?

A
  • Jugulo-digastric (tonsilar)

- Jugulo-omohyoid

38
Q

Where does the jugular trunk drain?

A

Thoracic duct on the left, Right lymphatic duct on right

39
Q

Describe the location of the thoracic duct:

A
  • In front of the anterior scalene m.
  • Behind the left carotid sheath
  • Only on the left side of the root of the neck
  • Ends in front of the first part of the subclavian a.
  • Drains into the IJV, IJV/subclavian v. junction

Neuro-Unit 1 (13 decks)

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