Weathering, Erosion, and Soil

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

The process by which rock materials are broken down

Question 2

Mechanical Weathering

Answer 2

When physical processes naturally break rocks into smaller pieces

Question 3

Chemical Weathering

Answer 3

Rocks break down due to chemical reactions which change the materials in rock into new materials

Question 4

Soil

Answer 4

Mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air

Question 5

Organic Matter

Answer 5

The remains of something that was once alive

Question 6

Decomposition

Answer 6

The breaking down of dead organisms and organic waste

Question 7

Pores

Answer 7

Small holes and spaces in soil

Question 8

Inorganic Matter

Answer 8

The parts of soil that have never been alive

Question 9

Bedrock

Answer 9

The layer of rock beneath the soil

Question 10

Topography

Answer 10

The shape and steepness of the landscape

Question 11

Biota

Answer 11

All the organisms that live in a region

Question 12

Horizons

Answer 12

Layers of soil formed from the movement of the products of weathering

Question 13

Erosion

Answer 13

Removal of weathered material from one location to another

Question 14

Deposition

Answer 14

The laying down or setting of eroded material

Question 15

Mass Wasting

Answer 15

Downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or soil because of the pull of gravity

Question 16

Glacier

Answer 16

Large mass of ice on land and moves slowly across Earth’s surface

Question 17

Plucking

Answer 17

As a glacier flows over the land, it picks up rocks and large boulders dragging them across the land, causing gouges and scratches in bedrock

Question 18

What are the 4 types of mechanical weathering?

Answer 18

Ice wedging, abrasion, plants, and animals

Question 19

What are the 2 main types of chemical weathering?

Answer 19

Weak acids and oxidation

Question 20

What is one cause of acid rain?

Answer 20

pollution

Question 21

What is the result of ground water acids?

Answer 21

It forms caves or sinkholes

Question 22

What reacts with minerals in rocks to form an oxide?

Answer 22

Oxygen

Question 23

Where do mechanical changes occur faster?

Answer 23

Places that have frequent temperature changes

Question 24

Where do chemical changes occur faster?

Answer 24

Warm, wet places

Question 25

Why is organic material important to soil?

Answer 25

Dark soil absorbs sunlight, it holds water, it provides plant nutrients, and it holds minerals together so that soil pores can form

Question 26

What is the largest cause of erosion?

Answer 26

Moving water

Question 27

What are the 5 factors of soil formation?

Answer 27

Parent material, climate, topography, biota, and time

Question 28

What is one feature caused by river erosion?

Answer 28

Waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, oxbow lakes, or deltas

Question 29

What is one feature caused by wave erosion?

Answer 29

Beaches

Question 30

What is one feature caused by wind erosion?

Answer 30

loess, sand dunes, sand, or silt and clay

Question 31

Where is a stalactite?

Answer 31

On the cave ceiling

Question 32

Where is a stalagmite?

Answer 32

On the cave ground

Question 33

What are four types of mass wasting?

Answer 33

Landslides, mudslides, slump, and creep

Question 34

What are the two main types of glaciers?

Answer 34

Continental and valley

Question 35

What is one feature formed by a glacier?

Answer 35

Till, moraine, or kettle