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Science > Earthquakes- Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Earthquakes- Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is continental drift?

A

Where continents are always in motion

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2
Q

Who hypothesized continental drift?

A

Alfred Wegener

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3
Q

What was the name of the super continent?

A

Pangea

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4
Q

What are 3 evidences of continental drift?

A

Climate change, fossils, and land features

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5
Q

What is sea-floor spreading?

A

The process by which new oceanic crust forms along a mid-ocean ridge and older oceanic crust moves away from the ridge

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6
Q

What are the mountain ranges in the middle of the ocean called?

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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7
Q

The sea-floor moves like what?
Does it carry the continents along with it?

A

The sea-floor moves like a conveyor belt. It DOES takes the continents with it

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8
Q

What are 3 evidences of sea-floor spreading?

A

Magnetic stripes, samples, and molten material

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9
Q

What are plate tectonics?

A

Rigid slabs of rock that move with respect to each other

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10
Q

What type of current is behind plate tectonics?

A

Convection currents

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?

A

Convergent- 2 plates collide
Divergent- Plates move apart
Transform- Plates slide past each other

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12
Q

What are 3 types of stress?

A

Compression, tension, and shearing

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13
Q

Name 2 landforms caused by compression.

A

Mountain ranges, ocean trenches

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14
Q

What is the difference between plastic and elastic strain?

A

Plastic strain makes a permanent change in the shape of a rock

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15
Q

Name the 3 types of faults.

A

Normal, reverse, and strike-slip

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16
Q

Describe each fault line.
(You can draw on the test)

A

I think we all wanna draw

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17
Q

What is the focus?

A

The point beneath the earth’s surface where rocks under stress breaks to cause an earthquake

18
Q

What is the epicenter?

A

The point on the surface directly above the focus

19
Q

Name 3 types of seismic waves.

A

Primary (P waves), Secondary (S waves), and Surface waves

20
Q

Which seismic wave is seen first?

A

Primary waves (P waves)

21
Q

Which seismic wave somes 2nd after lag?

A

Secondary waves (S waves)

22
Q

Which seismic wave causes ground movement?

A

Surface waves

23
Q

How do you find the epicenter of an earthquake?

A

Triangulating data

24
Q

What device measures seismic activity?

A

Seismometer

25
Q

What is a major belt of volcanic activity in the Pacific Ocean?

A

Ring of fire

26
Q

What is a string of islands created by volcanoes called?

A

Island arc

27
Q

What is a hot spot?

A

A large plume of hot mantle material rising from deep within the earth

28
Q

The difference between quiet and explosive eruptions is the content of what mineral?

A

Silica

29
Q

What is an extinct volcano?

A

Most likely never going to erupt again

30
Q

What is a doormant volcano?

A

Most likely IS going to erupt again

31
Q

How does a shield volcano form?

A

Lava flows out gradually building a wide, gently sloping mountain

32
Q

How does a composite volcano form?

A

Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash

33
Q

How does a cinder cone volcano form?

A

When lava has high viscosity it produces ash, cinders and bombs, which all build up around the vent in a steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain

34
Q

How does a lava plateau form?

A

High, level area that has been built up over time from lava seeping out of several cracks then traveling a distance before cooling and solidifying

35
Q

How does a caldera form?

A

Huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain

36
Q

What is geothermal activity?

A

Occurs when magma, a few kilometers, beneath earth’s surface, heats underground water, and forms hot springs and geysers

37
Q

What is a hot springs?

A

Formed when groundwater is heated by a nearby body of magma or hot rock and eventually rises to the surface to collect in a natural pool

38
Q

What is a geyser?

A

Fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground when buildup of pressure is released

39
Q

Name 2 landforms caused by tension.

A

Mid-ocean ridges, continental rifts

40
Q

Name 2 landforms caused by shearing.

A

Transform faults, fault zones

Science (10 decks)

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