Weathering and Surface Processes Flashcards
What are four types of sedimentary rock?
Shale which is formed in deep to shallow marine environments, siltstone which is formed in shallow marine environments, sandstone which is formed in beach or desert environment, and limestone which is formed in warm, shallow marine environments.
What are some features of sedimentary rock?
There can be fossils, ripple marks, bedding, mud marks, or cross beds.
What is evaporation?
When the sun heats up water when it’s a liquid) and changes into a gas which rises up to the atmosphere.
What is transpiration?
The process of evaporation but coming from plants.
What is condensation?
When water in the form of gas rises into the atmosphere, it then starts to cool and becomes liquid again.
How are clouds formed?
When a big amount of water vapor condenses
What is precipitation?
When the water gets heavy, that is when the water falls back to earth
What is infiltration?
When rains falls on the land, some of the water is absorbed into the ground, which forms groundwater.
What is runoff?
Water that collects in rivers, streams, and oceans.
What provides heat energy for the water cycle?
The sun
What does sediment pollutant reduce?
It reduces light penetration in stream, clogs, gills of fish and aquatic invertebrates. Sediment pollution is also caused by the erosion of soil into waterways. Logging, farming, mining, and construction can expose soil to erosion.
What does nutrients act as?
They act as fertilizer for algae and aquatic plants which can cause highly varying dissolved oxygen levels. This is when there is excessive nutrients in water, which can kill fish and lead to a state of hypoxia. Sources of nutrient pollution are untreated human waste, some detergents, fertilizer, and manure.
What do toxics impact?
Can impact life and contaminate drinking water supplies. In elaboration, toxic pollutants are chemicals that can causes diseases, this can range from industrials chemicals and mining wastes. This can be radioactive waste, pesticides, mercury, lead gasoline, paint.
What bacteria pollution?
Bacteria are tiny organisms control by breaking down the organic matter in swage, oil spills, or other pollutants. Drinking water contaminated with bacteria may lead to outbreaks of cholera. this can include animal manure and untreated human waste.
What is mechanical weathering?
Rocks breaking into smaller pieces, like frost wedging (freezing and thawing of water), sheeting (slabs of igneous rock break loose forming exfoliation domes), root wedging (roots grow into cracks, expanding the rock).
What is chemical weathering?
Alters the internal structure of minerals by removing or adding elements. Mechanical weathering also aids chemicals weathering, by that it increases the surface area.
What are stream valleys?
valley side are shaped by weathering, overland flow, mass wasting.
How are narrow valleys?
Narrow valleys are V-shaped , and include rapids and waterfalls.
How are wide valleys?
A stream is near base level, downward erosion is less dominants, stream energy is directed side to side, features include meanders, cutoff and oxbow lakes.
What are some drainage patterns?
Dendritic, radial, rectangular and trellis.
What is the formation of an Oxbow lake?
Forms in a meandering stream, neck begins to form, the neck closes and then the neck fills with sand and silt, creating oxbow lake.
