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Science > Rock Cycle and Volcanoes > Flashcards

Rock Cycle and Volcanoes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a pluton?

A

An underground igneous body

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2
Q

Dike

A

tabular, which is cut vertically across sedimentary rocks

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3
Q

Sill

A

tabular, which is cut horizontally along sedimentary layers

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4
Q

Laccolith

A

lens shaped which are formed similar like a sill, arching overlying strata upward

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5
Q

Batholith

A

Largest intrusive body forming the core of many mountains

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6
Q

Where do igneous activity occur?

A

Igneous activity occurs along plate boundaries

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7
Q

Where are composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes) adjacent to?

A

They are adjacent to the pacific ocean and are very large. They also have interbedded lavas and are made of pyroclastic material and are the most dangerous volcanoes

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8
Q

What are some volcanic hazards stratovolcanoes make?

A

Volcanic gases, ash flows, and mudflows

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9
Q

What are two examples of stratovolcanoes?

A

Mt. Shasta and Fujiyama

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10
Q

What are shield volcanoes?

A

They are broad and slightly domed volcanoes which are most of the time large.

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11
Q

What are shield volcanoes made out of?

A

They are made out of basaltic lava (which is a fluid), they produce a large amount of lava.

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12
Q

What is a volcanic neck?

A

A resistant vent left standing after erosion

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13
Q

What are fissure eruption and lava plateau?

A

They are volcanic material extruded from fractures.

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14
Q

What are craters or calderas?

A

They are steep walled depressions at summit

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15
Q

What is a geyser?

A

Superheated ground-water that moves through a narrow vent

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16
Q

What is a phreatic (hydro)?

A

A steam eruption, water that mixes with magma

17
Q

What is a vulcanian?

A

A moderate eruption of ash and bombs.

18
Q

What is a strombolian?

A

A intermittent explosion or fountaining of basaltic.

19
Q

What is a plinian?

A

A big explosion named from Pliny the Younger.

20
Q

What is a cinder cone?

A

A small volcano that has a steep slop angle and is built from ejected lava fragments, they are frequently occur in groups.

21
Q

What are the three factors that determine how dangerous of an eruption?

A

The composition, temperature and dissolved gases.

22
Q

What are lava flows?

A

They are basaltic lava which is more fluid, some types are pahoehoe, vents, and aa lava

23
Q

What are the volcanic gases mostly made up of?

A

They are mainly made up of water vapor and carbon dioxide

24
Q

What are some pyroclastic material examples (which are the most dangerous)?

A

These are fire fragments which can be pumice, blocks, or ash

25
Q

How do igneous rocks form?

A

They are magma that cools and crystallizes.

26
Q

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

A

The difference is that the intrusive (plutonic) igneous rocks are made out of magma while extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks are made out of lava.

27
Q

What determined by the rate of cooling?

A

The crystal size, (texture).

28
Q

Describe a slow rate igneous rocks

A

Have large crystals (coarse-grained) and are formed at depth (phaneritic)

29
Q

Describe a slow rate igneous rock

A

Has small crystals (fine-grained) and is formed at the surface (aphanitic)

30
Q

Describe a slow then fast rate igneous rock

A

Has two different types of crystals and is formed at depth then erupted to the surface (porphyritic)

31
Q

Describe a very fast rate igneous rock

A

Is formed at the surface and has no arrangement of crystals, (glassy)

32
Q

Describe a very fast rate igneous rock with a lot of vesicles

A

Has no arrangement crystals and is formed at the surface (frothy)

33
Q

Describe a very fast rate igneous rock with a lot of fragments

A

This rock is formed at the surface and has very fine-grained or no arrangement of crystals, (fragmental)

34
Q

Definition of classification

A

Based on texture and composition

35
Q

Definition of texture

A

Size and arrangement of crystals

36
Q

What is the crystal settling?

A

First the minerals crystallize and settle to the bottom of the magma of the chamber which then leaves magma rich in silica which after migrates through the crust, later resulting in granitic rocks. The rocks left behind tend to be more mafic.

37
Q

What are names of igneous rocks?

A

Basalt, gabbro andesite, rhyolite, diorite, granite, obsidian, pumice, scoria, and tuff.

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