The Universe

Question 1

First stage of the Big Bang Theory (Big Bang Era)

Answer 1

The time 0-10-43s, the temperature was infinite, it was infinitely small and dense, superforce or supergravity

Question 2

Second stage of the Big Bang Theory (Planck Era)

Answer 2

The time 10-43s, The temperature was 10(32) C, gravity and grandunification

Question 3

Third stage of the Big Bang Theory (Grand Unification Era)

Answer 3

The time was 10-35s, 10(27) C was the temperature, gravity, strong nuclear and electroweak, quarks and leptons form

Question 4

Forth stage of the Big Bang Theory (Inflation Era)

Answer 4

The time was 10-32s, the temperature 10 (27) C, size of universe increases by a factor of 1030 to 1040

Question 5

Fifth stage of the Big Bang Theory (Electroweak Era)

Answer 5

The time was 10-12s, the temperature was 10(15) C, gravity, electromagnetic, strong electric, and electroweak were the four forces, protons and neutrons start forming from quarks

Question 6

Sixth stage of the Big Bang Theory (Heavy Particle Era)

Answer 6

The time was 10-7s, the temperature was 10 (14) C, the proton and neutron formation is full swing

Question 7

Seventh stage of the Big Bang Theory (Light Particle Era)

Answer 7

The time was 10-4s, the temperature 10 (12) C, Electrons and positrons begin to form

Question 8

Eighth stage of the Big Bang Theory (Nucleosynthesis Era)

Answer 8

The time was 200s, the temperature 10 (9) C, Helium, deuterium, and a few other elements start to form (H= 75% and He= 25%), temperatures were too “cold” to form any other elements that were heavier.

Question 9

Ninth stage of the Big Bang Theory (Recombination Era)

Answer 9

The time was 300,000 years, the temperature was 3,000 C, matter and radiation separate,

Question 10

Tenth stage of the Big Bang Theory (Galaxy Formation Era)

Answer 10

The time was 100-500 million years, the temperature -263 C, earliest stars were 100 million years, earliest known galaxy 500 million years.

Question 11

Eleventh stage of the Big Bang Theory (Now)

Answer 11

The time is today, the temperature -270

Question 12

Hubble’s law is evidence of the Big bang Theory

Answer 12

Hubble observed the majority of galaxies are moving away

from us and each other also known as redshift. The farther away they move the faster.

Question 13

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is evidence of the Big Bang Theory

Answer 13

Radiation static is evenly spread across space. Represents the amount of heat left over from the Big Bang. This light has been traveling through space for 13.8-14
billion years.

Question 14

Quasars are evidence of the Big Bang Theory

Answer 14

Super large galactic cores that emit tremendous amounts of

energy. Only found 10-13 billion light years away. In elaboration nothing exists past them.

Question 15

Radioactive decay is evidence of the Big Bang Theory

Answer 15

Radiometric dating is radioactive elements decay at
constant rates. In addition, Each element has a unique
decay rate.

Question 16

Stellar Evolution is evidence of the Big Bang Theory

Answer 16

We observe the life cycles
of stars across the universe
using tools such as
satellites and telescopes. In addition, we view stars form, burn
and explode.

Question 17

Speed of Light is evidence of the Big bang Theory

Answer 17

The speed of light ~300,000 km/s. A light-year is the distance that light travels in 1 year. The furthest stars away are 10-13 billion light years away.

Question 18

What is stellar parallax?

Answer 18

It is used for measuring distance to a star. In elaboration, a angle.

Question 19

What unit of measurement is used more?

Answer 19

A light year is. A light year is 5.8 trillion miles.

Question 20

Misconceptions of the Big Bang Theory #1

Answer 20

There was an explosion. There was ans still continues to be a EXPANSION.

Question 21

Misconceptions of the Big Bang Theory #2

Answer 21

We tend to imagine the singularity as a little
fireball appearing somewhere in space. Space began inside a signgularity, before that NOTHING EXISTED. not matter, not space, not time. NOTHING.

Question 22

Misconceptions of the Big Bang Theory #3

Answer 22

The Big Bang

does not explain what caused it. It doesn’t need too. Theories don’t need to explain themselves.

Question 23

Misconceptions of the Big Bang Theory # 4

Answer 23

There is no evidence of the BIg Bang. There is HUBBLE’S LAW and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.

Question 24

What three factors are stellar brightness controlled by?

Answer 24

Size, temperature, and distance.

Question 25

What color is a hot star?

Answer 25

The color is Blue. The star emits short wave length light.

Question 26

What color is a cool star?

Answer 26

The color is Red.The star emits long wavelength light.

Question 27

What temperature is a blue star?

Answer 27

The temperature is above 30,000 C.

Question 28

What temperature is a red star?

Answer 28

The temperature is below 3,000 C.

Question 29

What temperature is a star that appears yellow?

Answer 29

The star’s temperature is between 5,000 and 6,000 C

Question 30

What axis is the temperature?

Answer 30

The axis is the x-axis.

Question 31

What axis is the stellar brightness?

Answer 31

The axis is the y-axis.

Question 32

What percentage does mian sequence stars take up on the H-R diagram?

Answer 32

They take up 90% and they are stable.

Question 33

Characteristics of Giants

Answer 33

They are large, very luminous, very large giants are called supergaints, they comprise less than 1% of all the stars.

Question 34

Characteristics of white dwarfs

Answer 34

Fainter than main sequence stars, Small size, not all of them are color white, they comprise about 10% of the stars. They are used to study stellar evolution

Question 35

Stages of a star #1 (Birth)

Answer 35

First they are born and they are a dark cool nebula. Gravity contracts the nebula. The temperature then rises and then becomes a protostar.

Question 36

Stages of a star #2 (Protostar)

Answer 36

The gravitational contraction continues, core reaches 10 million C, the hydrogen burning begins, energy is released. Outward pressure increases, the outward pressure then is balanced by gravity. Star becomes a mian sequence star.

Question 37

Stages of a star #3 (main sequence star)

Answer 37

Most of the star’s life (90%) is spent as a mian sequence star. Massive stars use fuel faster and exist for only a few. Small stars use fuel slowly and exist for hundreds of billions of years.

Question 38

Stages of a star #4 (red giant)

Answer 38

Hydrogen burning migrates outward. Star’s outer envelope expands surface cools. Eventually, all nuclear fuel is used. The star eventually dies because gravity squeezes it.