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Earth Science > Weather and Climate Review May 2024 Unit Test > Flashcards

Weather and Climate Review May 2024 Unit Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Conduction

A

heat transfer through direct contact; occurs in solids

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2
Q

Convection

A

heat transfer due to differences in density; occurs in fluids

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3
Q

Radiation

A

heat transfer through no medium (substance); it is how we get energy from the sun

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4
Q

Ultraviolet light and Visible light come from…

A

the sun

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5
Q

Earth radiates energy back into space in the form of…

A

infrared energy

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6
Q

Greenhouse gasses (carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor) _____ outgoing infrared energy _________ the temperature on Earth

A

trap
increasing

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7
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum on page 14 of your ESRT

A

go read it

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8
Q

Best absorbers of heat energy

A

dark colors & rough surfaces

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9
Q

Best reflectors of heat energy

A

light colors & smooth surfaces

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10
Q

Specific Heat

A

Because water has a higher specific heat than land, water will warm and cool more slowly than the land will. Because of this: Locations near the coast will have milder winters and cooler summers than locations farther inland. Large bodies of water eliminate extremes of temperature

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11
Q

_____ _______ either require the addition of heat energy or release energy (334J/g or 2260J/g)

A

phase changes

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12
Q

During a phase change, ______ energy is being used and there is ___ temperature change

A

latent (flat line=L)
no

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13
Q

Where there is a temperature change, ______ energy is being used

A

kinetic (diagonal line=K)

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14
Q

Insolation

A

INcoming SOLar radiATION

sunlight

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15
Q

The _____ the sun is in the sky, the more ______ the sunlight and higher the temperature

A

higher
intense

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16
Q

In ______, the sun is highest in the sky in New York
In _______, the sun is lowest in the sky in New York

A

June
December

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17
Q

Most dense air is cool/dry =

A

high pressure (anticyclone)

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18
Q

Least dense air is warm/moist =

A

low pressure (cyclone)

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19
Q

The characteristics of an air mass are determined by the…

A

region over which it formed

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20
Q

polar/arctic =

A

cold

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21
Q

tropical =

A

warm

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22
Q

continental =

A

dry

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23
Q

maritime =

A

moist

24
Q

Winds blow from ____ pressure to _____ pressure

A

high
low

25
Q

Wind speed is determined by the _____ _____

A

pressure gradient

26
Q

Where the isobars are closest together the gradient is _____ and the winds are the _______.

A

steepest
fastest

27
Q

Winds never blow directly from ____ to ______. They curve because of the ______ ______.

A

high
low
Coriolis effect

28
Q

Winds blow:

A

clockwise out of a high, and counterclockwise into a low.

29
Q

Because of the Coriolis effect wind ____ exist for different _____ of the earth

A

belts
regions

30
Q

FIND WIND CHART ON PG. 14

A
31
Q

NY is about 40 deg. N and is near location A. Winds here generally blow from the __.

A

SW

32
Q

DO WEATHER CATEGORY NUMBER 5 ON THE STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

A
33
Q

STATION MODEL SLIDESHOW NOTES ON STUDY GUIDE

A
33
Q

Isotherms

A

connect points of equal temperature are roughly parallel lines.

34
Q

Isobars

A

connect points of equal pressure, tend to resemble concentric circles.

35
Q

If the isobar numbers go down towards the center then this is a _____ _______ system. If the isobar numbers go up towards the center then this is a _____ _______ system.

A

low pressure
high pressure

36
Q

Cold fronts are associated with

A

heavy rain and often violent thunderstorms

37
Q

Warm fronts are associated with

A

slow, steady drizzle.

38
Q

REVIEW WEATHER MAP A & B IN STUDY GUIDE

A
39
Q

Which city is experiencing rain?
Which cities have the highest temperature?
Which city just experienced a drop in temperature, and an increase in air pressure?
Which city is likely to experience an increase in temperature and drizzle in the next few hours?
In what direction is this weather system most likely to move?
What is the wind direction in Buffalo?

A

Rochester - It’s right on a cold front where rain is most likely.
Syracuse & Binghamton - They’re in the middle of the warm air mass.
Buffalo - The cold front just passed. It is now in cold/dry air (cP) which is high pressure air.
New York City - A warm front (slow, steady rain) is about to pass over NYC.
To the EAST or NORTHEAST - Most weather systems at these latitudes follow a storm track. This will carry them towards the east or northeast.(ESRT page 14)
From the NW - Look at the direction of the cold front. The cold front symbols are pointing towards the SE so the winds are blowing from the NW.
Also remember that because this is a Low Pressure System (cyclone). Winds generally blow COUNTERCLOCKWISE and INWARD towards the center of any low pressure center in the northern hemisphere. This whole system is slowly rotating in a counterclockwise direction.

40
Q
A
40
Q

If you are asked “in which city is it raining” you should look for the following:

A

Find a city on or just behind a cold front or possibly just ahead of a warm front. IF the map includes station models look for:

A city with 100% cloud cover. It is never raining if the cloud cover is less than 100%

A city where the air temperature and the dew point temperature are very close together. This indicates high relative humidity and a good chance of rain.

41
Q

To form clouds, air

A

Rises - expands - cools - condenses

42
Q

When the air _____ _____ _____, the water vapor condenses into droplets of liquid water.

A

reaches the dewpoint

43
Q

_____ ______ MUST condense onto small particles of dust or pollen or smoke in the air. Such particles are called _______ _______. If these are not present, then _______ may not occur even if the RH is _____.

A

Water vapor
condensation nuclei
condensation
100%

44
Q

At first these water droplets are so small they remain suspended in the air. These are ______.

A

clouds

45
Q

As droplets merge and grow heavier they may begin to ____. This is ____.

A

fall
rain

46
Q

Hail

A

If there are very strong updrafts (usually associated with strong summer thunderstorms) then the frozen raindrops may be blown upwards where they get wet and re-freeze as they fall again. Each time this happens the hail ‘stones’ grow bigger and bigger. Hail may reach the size of baseballs!

47
Q

Climate

A

The average weather conditions (temperature and moisture) for a large region over a long period of time.

48
Q

Factors affecting climate include:

A

Latitude
Altitude
Mountain ranges
Oceans/Large Bodies of Water
Ocean Currents

49
Q

Latitude affecting climate

A

The higher your latitude, the colder your climate.

50
Q

Altitude affecting climate

A

The higher your altitude, the colder your climate.

51
Q

Mountain ranges affecting climate

A

On the windward side of a mountain, your climate will be wet, on the leeward side of a mountain, your climate will be dry. Orographic lifting (adiabatic temperature change) occurs when air is forced up by mountains, causing cooling, condensation, and precipitation on the windward side and warming and evaporation on the leeward side.

52
Q

Oceans/Large Bodies of Water affecting climate

A

The closer you are to water, the less extreme your climate (warmer winters and cooler summers).

53
Q

Ocean Currents affecting climate

A

Locations near warm water currents will have warmer climates, locations near cold water currents will have colder climates (ESRT p.4).

Earth Science (11 decks)

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