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Earth Science > Rocks and Minerals Unit Test > Flashcards

Rocks and Minerals Unit Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust?

A

Silicon and Oxygen

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2
Q

A combination of Silicon and Oxygen forms a _______ with 4 oxygen atoms and 1 silicon atom

A

pyramid

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3
Q

What is the pyramid formation that Silicon and Oxygen form called?

A

silica tetrahedral

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4
Q

Minerals that are composed of Oxygen and Silicon are called

A

Silicates

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5
Q

All mineral identification properties

A

Luster, Streak, Hardness, Cleavage/Fracture, Common Colors, Composition

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6
Q

Luster

A

how light behaves on the surface of a mineral

metallic (dark streak) or non-metallic

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7
Q

Streak

A

use a streak plate to see if there is a dark streak (metallic) or no/white streak

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8
Q

Hardness

A

Mohs Scale of Hardness; 1-10; use a glass plate to test hardness

minerals that are harder are more difficult to scratch

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9
Q

Cleavage/Fracture

A

how the mineral breaks based on the internal arrangement of atoms

Cleavage breaks the same way/pattern

Fracture - uneven breakage, no pattern, broken pieces are not the same

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10
Q

Common Colors

A

not usually a good property to rely on because the minerals can be different but the color is the same

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11
Q

Composition

A

is what the mineral is made of…chemical symbols are on the bottom of page 16

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12
Q

What determines the difference between the three types of rocks?

A

Based on where & how the rock formed along with its mineral composition

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13
Q

Environment of Formation for Igneous Rocks

A

Extrusive (volcanic)
Intrusive (plutonic)

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14
Q

Extrusive

A

lava solidifies quickly at or near the surface → rocks can be non crystalline/glassy or have crystals <1mm

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15
Q

Vesicular

A

gas pockets

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16
Q

Intrusive

A

magma solidifies slowly deep underground → rocks
have larger crystals >1mm

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17
Q

How do igneous rocks form?

A

Solidification or Crystallization of magma/lava

18
Q

solidification/crystallization

A

magma and lava hardening to form rocks and crystals

19
Q

nWhatare the two different igneous rock characteristics in the identificatio chart?

A

Felsic: light in color, low in density (left side of the chart)

Mafic: dark in color, high in density (right side of the chart)

20
Q

monomineralic

A

Rocks made of one mineral

21
Q

polymineralic

A

Rocks made of many minerals

22
Q

Formation processes of sedimentary rocks

A

weathering & erosion; deposition & burial; compaction and/or cementation

23
Q

Sedimentary can contain _______

A

fossils

24
Q

Three types of Sedimentary rocks

A

Clastic, Crystalline, Bioclastic

25
Q

Clastic

A

made of fragments (pieces of other rocks/sediments) cemented together; classified by grain size

26
Q

Crystalline

A

crystals from chemical precipitates or evaporites; monomineralic

27
Q

Bioclastic

A

precipitates of biologic origin or cemented shell fragments or compacted plant remains

28
Q

Metamorphic rocks are formed by _______ and _______

A

heat and pressure

29
Q

Metamorphic are formed from ________

A

other rocks

30
Q

Two types of Metamorphism

A

Regional and Contact

31
Q

Regional metamorphism

A

Rock is put under intense pressure and heat over large areas

32
Q

Contact metamorphism

A

Rock is heated by lava or magma

33
Q

Two categories or metamorphism

A

Foliated and Non-Foliated

34
Q

Foliated

A

shows mineral alignment and banding(only gneiss) - layering

35
Q

Non-Foliated

A

can be monomineralic or crystalline

36
Q

Weathering

A

breakdown of rock material (chemical or physical)

37
Q

stuff dissolves _____ in smaller pieces

A

faster

38
Q

When you break something up, the object has _____ surface area

A

more

39
Q

Chemical weathering happens more in _____ and ______ environments

A

hot and wet

40
Q

Physical weathering

A

occurs when physical processes affect the rock, such as changes in temperature or when the rock is exposed to the effects of wind, rain and waves

41
Q

*Go to the sugar cube lab and read it

A

wassup

Earth Science (11 decks)

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