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Earth Science > Surface Processes Test > Flashcards

Surface Processes Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Weathering

A

breakdown of rock material (chemical or physical)

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1
Q

Material dissolves faster in _____ pieces. It further dissolves quicker in ______ temps and more ______ climates

A

smaller, hotter, humid

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2
Q

if a rock is broken up, it’s ___________ increases but it’s ________ decreases

A

surface area, mass

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3
Q

Chemical weathering happens more in

A

hot and wet enviroments

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4
Q

some rocks are more ______ to weathering than others

A

resistant

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5
Q

Rocks will become _____, ______, _______after weathering and after traveling in a stream for a long time

A

smaller, rounder, smoother

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6
Q

Erosion

A

transport/movement of rock material

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7
Q

How quickly water flows in a stream is based on three factors:

A

gradient/slope

Shape of stream

Volume of water

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8
Q

The volume of water in a river or stream is referred to as the

A

discharge

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9
Q

How does the shape of the stream affect the velocity of the stream

A

the shape determines the amounts of friction in the stream

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10
Q

How does the gradient of the stream affect the velocity of the stream

A

steeper = flows faster

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11
Q

Erosion in a stream happens on the _______ of the bend/meander

A

outside

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12
Q

water flows faster on the ____ of a meander

A

outside

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13
Q

Deposition

A

when weathered particles drop/settle as water velocity decreases

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14
Q

Deposition happens along the _______ of the meander

A

inside

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15
Q

What are the agents of erosion and deposition

A

running water, wind, gravity

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16
Q

water/rivers/wind will sort sediments by _____ (gravity leaves sediments _______ and _______)

A

size

unsorted

unlayered

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17
Q

which agents leaves sediments unsorted and unlayerd

A

gravity

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18
Q

Three characteristics that make particles settle faster:

A

Size (larger)
Shape (rounder)
Density (more dense)

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19
Q

Vertical Sorting/graded bedding

A

Biggest particles on the bottom

Smallest on the top

calm water

large particles settle first.

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20
Q

Horizontal sorting

A

Biggest particles dropped/deposited first

Smallest particles dropped last (carried the farthest into lake/ocean)

moving water

large particles settle first

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21
Q

Watersheds are also called

A

drainage basins

22
Q

Watersheds are an area of ____ that can ______ into a particular river system

A

land

drain

23
Q

Watersheds are _______ by areas of _______ elevation (ridges, mountains, divides, etc)

A

separated

high

24
Q

It is _______ to know where your _________ comes from and to reduce potential ____________ from entering your __________

A

important

drinking water

pollution/contaminants

drinking water

25
Q

drainage patterns

A

describe the general shape of streams (how water flows on the land)

26
Q

Groundwater

A

water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock

27
Q

Aspects of groundwater include:

A

Porosity

Permeability

Retention

Capillarity

Infiltration

28
Q

Soil formation occurs mainly through

A

biological activity and weathering

29
Q

Porosity

A

the empty space between particles (a percentage)

30
Q

Porosity and shape:

A

soils with rounded particles have a higher porosity than angular or flatter particles because round particles can’t pack tightly together.

31
Q

Porosity and size:

A

if the particles are the same shape, the size doesn’t matter → they will have the same porosity;

32
Q

Permeability

A

the ability of water to flow through a soil

33
Q

As grain size _________, the permeability ________

A

increases

increases

*takes less time for water to flow through soil

34
Q

What makes a soil impermeable

A

previous saturation

35
Q

Retention

A

the ability of soil to hold back groundwater

36
Q

Capillarity

A

the movement of groundwater upward into tiny spaces

37
Q

As grain size ______, capillarity _______

A

increases

decreases

*smaller is better

38
Q

Infiltration

A

water seeping into the ground

39
Q

As particle size _______, infiltration _______

A

increases

increases

40
Q

All process of the water cycle starting from a big body of water and back

A

Evaporation and Transpiration

Condensation

Precipitation

Runoff

Infiltration

Water table

Permeability

41
Q

Evaporation and Transpiration

A

Evaporation is the process of surface water absorbing heat energy from the sun or from warm air and changing from a liquid to a gas. Transpiration is when water evaporates through plants.

42
Q

condensation

A

water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it

43
Q

Precipitation

A

any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls to Earth

44
Q

Runoff

A

the draining away of water (or substances carried in it) from the surface of an area of land, a building or structure, etc.

45
Q

what causes more runoff or infiltration

A

Higher gradient: Runoff

Unsaturated: Infiltration

Low gradient (not steep): Infiltration

Saturated: Runoff

46
Q

Landscape regions develop due to differences in

A

geology and climate

47
Q

Humid/wet climates =

A

smooth, rounded landscapes (less erosion)

48
Q

arid/dry climates =

A

angular, steep slopes (more erosion)

49
Q

Mountains(______), plateaus(______), plains(______)

A

highlands

uplands

lowlands

50
Q

Mountains:

A

High elevation. Non-sedimentary bedrock and/or faulted, folded, tilted bedrock

51
Q

Plateaus:

A

Moderate to high elevation. Horizontal, sedimentary bedrock structure

52
Q

Plains:

A

Low elevation. Horizontal, sedimentary bedrock structure

Earth Science (11 decks)

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