Weather and climate

Question 1

Weather definition

Answer 1

The day to day condition of the atmosphere

Question 2

Climate definition

Answer 2

The average temperature and rainfall over a period of time

Question 3

Measuring instrument for wind speeds

Answer 3

Cup anemometer

Question 4

Measuring instrument for direction of wind

Answer 4

Wind vane

Question 5

Measuring instrument for pressure

So what happens if there is high pressure

Answer 5

Barometer

No winds when high pressures

Question 6

Measuring instrument for volume of rainfall

Extra info (3)

Answer 6

Rain gauge

Placed in an open space
Has a specific diameter
Made of tin so water doesn’t evaporate

Question 7

Measuring instrument for humidity

Answer 7

Hygrometer or a wet and dry bulb thermometer

Question 8

Measuring instrument for temperature

Extra info (2)

Answer 8

Maximum - minimum thermometer

White so heat is not absorbed
Placed where there is no direct sunlight

Question 9

What is a Stevenson screen for and how is it adapted to its role

Answer 9

A shelter for meteorological instruments

White to reflect heat radiation
Double roof provides screening
Louvred sides to encourage free passage of air

Question 10

What factors affect temperature (4)

Answer 10

Latitude
Distance from the sea
Altitude
Prevailing winds

Question 11

How does latitude affect temperature

Answer 11

The further away from the equator, the more at an angle the the area gets heated up. So the sun has to heat larger areas of land so it does not heat up as fast so it is colder the further away from the equator. Also at an angle the sun passes though more atmosphere which absorb or reflect back the heat from the sun so more heat is lost.

Question 12

How does the distance from the sea affect temperature

Answer 12

Land heats up and cools quicker than the sea. So at areas far from the sea heat up quickly and cool quickly so they have a large range of temperature

At places near the sea, the sea heats up and cools down slowly so it warms the winters and vice versa so there is a small range of temperatures

Question 13

How does altitude affect temperature

Answer 13

Higher altitudes have lower temperatures than the lowlands that surround then as the air is less dense higher up so is unable to keep the heat from the lowlands from the sun

Question 14

How do prevailing winds affect temperature

Answer 14

The direction of the winds affects the temperature because if the wind blows from warm land or sea then the wind will also be warm

Question 15

Why might there be low pressure

Answer 15

Warm air is less dense so rises away from the ground making clouds

Question 16

Why might there be high pressure

Answer 16

Cold air is denser so sinks to the ground making low pressure

Question 17

Stratus

Answer 17

Layer

Question 18

Nimbus

Answer 18

Rain bearing

Question 19

Cirrus (4)

Answer 19

Wispy clouds
made from ice crystals
very high
Blown into shapes by the winds

Question 20

Alto stratus (2)

Answer 20

Fluffy clouds

Layer of clouds at middle height

Question 21

Cumulus (2)

Answer 21

Fluffy white clouds

Fair weather clouds

Question 22

Strato cumulus (2)

Answer 22

Most common clouds

Not raining yet

Question 23

Cumulo nimbus (4)

Answer 23

Tall clouds (anvil shape)
Heavy rain, thunder and lightning, hailstones, down bursts
Dangerous unstable air