Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

gcse Geography > Settlements > Flashcards

Settlements Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

Situation definition and examples

A

Where a settlement is in relation to other key geographical features

Examples: river, forest, mountains, coast, other settlements, other main roads, borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Settlement pattern definition

A

The pattern created by settlement distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of settlement? 3

A

Dispersed
Linear
Nucleated (clustered)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Advantages of potential site

8 reasons

A 
Reliable water supplies
Fertile land
Good communications
Flat land
Near bridging point
Exposed to sunlight
Close to resources (fuel wood)
Highland for defence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Disadvantages of potential site

7 reasons

A 
Marshy land
Low land 
No resources nearby
Far from communication 
Far from water source
No fertile soil
No shelter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Settlement function definition

A

The main economic and social activities in that settlement. This can be multifunctional and can change over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of functions

A 
Industrial
Agricultural 
Educational
Commercial
Residential
Tourist
Cultural 
Port
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CASE STUDY:

Rural settlement in MEDC

Info

Functions

Consequences of migration in and out (+-)

A

Urchfont, Wiltshire, UK

~17 miles east from Bath
Nucleated around joining roads, pond in the centre
Wealthy commuters and retired people

Functions: residential, tourist

+
Vibrant pub and nursery
Retired newcomers fund raise local businesses

-
Local shops, public transport closed
Not enough affordable housing
People growing up there can’t afford to stay so move out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CASE STUDY:

Rural settlement in LEDC

Situation and site

Functions

A

Korodegaga, Ethiopia

150km south of Addis Ababa

Functions: defence, farming, mining

Access to water
Fertile soils
Steep relief
Forests for fuel wood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Site definition and examples

A

The physical characteristics of land that a settlement is built on

Examples: relief, rocky, marshy, valley, hill, flat, aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the land value differ the further away from the CBD and why?

A

Highest at the centre and decreases as it goes outwards because there is more competition for central parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the density of land use differ the further away from the CBD?

A

Higher density buildings are at the central part of the settlement. Low density developments around the edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What may influence the growth of the industrial zone (factories)?

A

The industrial zone provides jobs so it encourages people to live near work. Having lots of communications also encourages this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CBD:

Location
Characteristics
Functions

A

Located at the centre of the city

High density, expensive, vibrant, some historic/ modern spaces, busy

Commercial, educational, administrative, tourism, leisure, entertainment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Industrial zone

Location
Characteristics
Functions

A

Next to the CBD, sometimes along communications

High density, old parts, pollution

Industrial, commercial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Low class residential

Location
Characteristics
Functions

A

Next to old industrial zones

High density, some old housing, lack of space/ greenland

Residential, commercial, religious

17
Q

Medium class residential (inner suburbs)

Location
Characteristics
Functions

A

Beyond lower class further from CBD

Semidetached, gardens, low density

Residential, commercial, leisure

18
Q

Higher class residential (outer suburbs)

Locations
Characteristics
Functions

A

Outside the inner suburbs

Low density, desirable, larger houses with garages and gardens

Residential, commercial, leisure

19
Q

Urban rural fringe

Location
Characteristics
Functions

A

Beyond the city limits into countryside

Green belt land, protected land

Residential, agricultural, commercial

20
Q

CASE STUDY:

Redevelopment of low class residential

Why

How was it successful

A

Byker, Newcastle, UK

Urban decay due to unemployment
Polluted

Each house had personality, private space
Green/ recreational space
Near services and communications

21
Q

What is urban decay?

A

Original buildings start to decay as people move out

22
Q

What is urban redevelopment?

A

When you clear what was there and build in the new space (brownfield site)

23
Q

What is urban renewal?

A

Improve what is already existing

24
Q

Pros and cons of urban redevelopment

A

Pros
Works long term
New fabric of buildings (decrease decay and heat loss)
Looks more modern

Cons
Very expensive
No more identity/ history
Move away whilst it’s done

25
Q

Pros and cons of urban renewal/ regeneration

A

Pros
Keeps historical legacy
Allows people to stay

Cons
Expensive
Temporary fix
Needs new technology, sewage, heating

26
Q

CASE STUDY:

Renewal of CBD

Why

How was it successful

A

Newcastle Grainger Town Project

CBD if Newcastle
North to central station

Shops and offices were relocating
Decrease in population
100000m^2 floor space unused
76% buildings classified as at risk it vulnerable

Changed the functions to have a wider variety
Eg leisure, retail, tourism, residential, commercial
More jobs
The gate

27
Q

CASE STUDY:

Land use of the urban rural fringe

Pros for building on it

Cons for building on it

A

Newcastle Great Park

It’s a green belt

Pros
Generates jobs
Reduces congestion
Wildlife will be safe (Rangers)
Job opportunity 
Near communications 
Cons
Houses will be be very expensive
Meant to prevent urban sprawl
Meant to have agricultural uses
Brownfield sites are available
28
Q

What is the green belt?

A

An area around an urban area that has strict planning restrictions and can’t be built on
Designed to stop urban sprawl

29
Q

How has Newcastle tackled traffic congestion?

Buses? Bikes? Cars? Public transport? Pedestrians?

A

Bus lanes to speed up buses
Direct bus lines to CBD

Bike lanes
Secure bike parking
Rental bike schemes

Car park prices are high and spaces are limited

Public transport is cheap: have offers

Pedestrianised city centre

30
Q

Brownfield site definition

A

An industrial area or inner city site that has been cleared for a new building development

31
Q

Greenfield site

A

An area of land that has not been developed on previously

32
Q

Greenfield site

Pros (4)
Cons to build on it (4)

A 
Pros
Site has no pollution
No cleaning saves money
Land is cheap
Can plan freely without restrictions

Cons
Urban sprawl
Environmental problems
Cost of new sewage, gas, electricity systems is expensive

33
Q

Brownfield site

Pros (5)
Cons to build on it (3)

A 
Pros
Already using existing land
Easier to get planning permission 
Stops urban sprawl 
Existing sewage, gas, electricity systems
Site is closer to CBD

Cons
Cost for pollution clean up is expensive
Restricted by existing infrastructure
Cos of land is expensive

34
Q

CASE STUDY:

Urban sprawl

Why did Atlanta grow (3)

Problems of rapid growth (5)

Solution

A

Atlanta, USA

Capital city of Georgia state
added 1 million in 6 years
Natural increase and mostly immigration

Cost of living is cheaper
Job opportunities
Mostly came from Great Lakes

Traffic congestion
Air/ water pollution 
Lack of open spaces 
Water contamination 
Deforestation

Belt line
- stops urban sprawl

35
Q

Urbanisation definition

A

A process which sees an increasing proportion of people living in urban areas in a country

36
Q

CASE STUDY:

LEDC urbanisation

Why is it urbanising

Push factors from where they come from (5)
Pull factors to the place (3)

A

Lima, Peru

Rural to urban migration
Natural increase

Push away from home
E.g. Sierra (mountains)
- steep relief/ high altitude 
- poor communications 
- natural hazards
- bad weather for crops/ infertile soils
- low employment

Pull to Lima… perception of:

  • better standard of living
  • healthcare/ education/ housing/ job
  • reliable food source
37
Q

CASE STUDY:

Managing rapid urbanisation

How does it work

How can it improve (4)

Successes (4)

Problems

A

Lima, Peru
Villa to Salvador

Give squatters legal rights
Plots of land allocated
Build their own house and pay rent
Already have sewage, sanitation, water, electricity systems and materials

Can improve:
Road links to Lima
Build schools
Street lights
Medical care
Successes:
Recreational space
Litter is easily collected (gridded roads)
Sustainable power supply
Sense of community

Problems:
Still squatter settlements
Can’t afford the site and services scheme
Can’t pay rent

38
Q

CASE STUDY:

Problems with rapid urbanisation

Housing
Land pollution
Water pollution
Air pollution

A

Cairo, Egypt

Housing

  • squatter housing
  • on farmland, rooves, graveyards
  • have satellite towns

Land pollution

  • squatter settlements have no litter disposal system
  • rotting rubbish
  • have a litter disposal system

Water pollution

  • leaky sewers
  • waste being illegally dumped by factories
  • too many people means lots o’ 💩
  • Cairo Waste Water Management programme

Air pollution

  • fuels used at homes, workplaces
  • congestion
  • old, inefficient cars
  • Cairo Air Improvement Project

gcse Geography (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions