Coral Reefs + Mangroves

Question 1

What are corals

Answer 1

Soft marine animals (polyps)

Question 2

What can polyps do

Answer 2

Secrete calcium carbonate (make their own external skeletons)

Question 3

What do polyps have a symbiotic relationship between

Answer 3

Algae

Algae give vital energy, nutrients and oxygen by photosynthesis

Coral give algae co2 and shelter

Question 4

What conditions do algae need to thrive

Answer 4

Clear, shallow water
Warm water (23-25°C)

Question 5

What happens if the temperatures exceed 25°C

Answer 5

Algae will die - bleaching

Question 6

Types of reefs (3)

Answer 6

Fringing reef
Barrier reef
Atoll reef

Question 7

Fringing reef example + how it forms

Answer 7

Ningaloo, Australia

Coral platforms grow out to sea attached to the mainland

Question 8

Barrier reef example + how it forms

Answer 8

The Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Coral grows in a shallower area away from the mainland, water between us too deep so forms a lagoon

Question 9

Atoll reef example + how it forms

Answer 9

Blue Hole Lighthouse Reef, Belize

Fringing reef develops around an island in a circle
Sea levels rise/ subsidence of land
Coral grows at height of rising sea level
Forms a ring of coral reefs with a lagoon replacing the island in the centre

Question 10

Case study of a reef: fact file (4)

Answer 10

Barrier reef in north east Australia 
Extends for 2300km
Managed by GBRMPA
Important to Australian economy
- 6% workforce
-12% exports

Question 11

Case study of a reef: human uses (2)

Answer 11

Fishing

Tourism

Question 12

Case study of a reef: human threats

Answer 12

Industry + sewage 
Agriculture
Tourism
Housing/ shoreline development 
Fishing
Dredging

Question 13

Case study of a reef: sustaining the reef

Answer 13

GBRMPA

Laws against oil pollution, overfishing, tourist damage
Areas are zoned for particular activities
Fishing is banned in 1/3 of the reef

Question 14

Natural predator

Answer 14

An animal that eats another animal due to nature

Question 15

Bleaching

Answer 15

When coral loses its colour due to the algae dying and losing its pigments and

Question 16

Eutrophication

Answer 16

When a body of water has excess nutrients causing the plant life growth the increase

Question 17

Sediment

Answer 17

Small particles/ solids that sink to the bottom of a liquid

Question 18

Sustainability

Answer 18

Meeting the needs of today’s population without compromising the needs of future generations

Question 19

What are mangroves (2)

Answer 19

Swamps of vegetation (halophytes)

Tropical plants that are adapted to loose, wet soil, salt water, low O2 content

Question 20

Where are mangroves found (3)

Answer 20

In 118 countries, 42% in Australia

75% found in coastlines

Tropical latitudes

Question 21

Environmental benefits of mangroves (4)

Answer 21

High biodiversity
Provides sheltered areas for animals
Stabilises coastlines from erosion and natural disasters
Produce an organic acid that helps preserve coral reefs

Question 22

Economic benefits of mangroves (4)

Answer 22

Produces durable wood
Leaves for tea and medicine
Tourism
Fishing

Question 23

Human threats to mangroves (5)

Answer 23

Urbanisation/ tourism
Agriculture
Trees cut
Pollution 
Barricade construction

Question 24

How to protect mangroves

Answer 24

India and Malaysia

Raising awareness

• encourages to find jobs elsewhere
• not extract resources from mangroves
• replant mangroves