Weather

Question 1

How is heat released and stored when water changes phases?

Answer 1

Latent heat, when water changes state, a certain amount of heat is taken or given off
Eg.) As water is heated and turned into a vapour, heat is required or taken in. The heat gets stored and taken with the water molecules

Question 2

kinetic energy of molecules in 3 phases…

Answer 2

solid, liquid, gas

Question 3

How do large bodies of water moderate the climate around them using the properties of water?

Answer 3

Large bodies of water tend to moderate the climate of land that is near them. Before the land near the water can cool down or warm up, the water itself must warm up or cool down which takes a long time

Question 4

how do onshore breezes occur?

Answer 4

In the day the land heats up faster then the sea. Air above the land heats, expands and rises. Cool air above the sea is denser and moves in to replace the warmer air.

Question 5

How do offshore breezes occur?

Answer 5

At night the land cools faster then the sea. The air above the land is cooler than above the sea. A convection current is set up in the opposite direction creating an offshore breeze

Question 6

3 ways of heat transfer…

Answer 6

conduction, convection, radiation

Question 7

Why is it important for ice to be less dense then water?

Answer 7

Because then lakes and rivers would freeze to the bottom and any living marine organisms would die.
A layer of ice develops over a lake and acts as an insulator preventing the lake water to freeze

Question 8

Discuss the earths radiation budget

Answer 8

• the more a surface reflects energy, the less it absorbs energy
• when then suns radiant energy is absorbed, its transformed into heat
• the earth reflects 30% of the energy it receives
• When sunlight reaches the earth’s surface, it either reflected or absorbed into other forms or energy

Question 9

Overall albedo of the earth:

Answer 9

0.30

Question 10

How does snow affect the weather in winter?

Answer 10

Snow has a very high albedo since it reflects a lot

Question 11

What causes the jet stream?

Answer 11

A complex interaction of high and low pressure systems, warm and cold air and seasonal changes

Question 12

Which way does the jet stream flow?

Answer 12

from West to East

Question 13

What are 2 major ocean currents?

Answer 13

• surface circulation

- deep circulation

Question 14

What are 3 major global wind systems?

Answer 14

Polar cell, Hadley cell, Ferrel cell

Question 15

Describe and explain cloud in a bottle

Answer 15

• Evaporation is need to form the cloud
• kinetic energy rises and promoted the rate of evaporation
• smoke particles act like a seed nuclei for the water droplets to condense around

Question 16

When air in the bottle is released what happens?

Answer 16

the air expands and cools enough to condense the water vapour around the smoke particles

Question 17

why can warm air hold more vapour and cool air?

Answer 17

cause warm air has more kinetic energy and can transfer that energy to water molecules for evaporation

Question 18

How does coriolis effect with in northern and southern hemisphere?

Answer 18

Northern- winds deflect to the right

Southern- winds deflect to the left

Question 19

how do tree rings demonstrate patterns of weather?

Answer 19

the wider the spacing between the rings indicate greater growth during a warm wet season

Question 20

How does a balloon filled with water not break when a match is held under it?

Answer 20

The water absorbs the heat so it doesn’t weaken the rubber

Question 21

Bernoullis principle

Answer 21

• When a speed of a fluid is high than the pressure is low.
• The the speed of a fluid is low, the pressure is high.
• High pressure will always go to low pressure to seek a balance.