Chem Exam Flashcards
Chemistry
Science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and change of matter
Subatomic particles
Protons, neutrons, electrons
How to find the number of protons:
Atomic #
How to find the number of neutrons
Mass # - atomic #
How to find # of electrons
Atomic #
Name the chemical families from left to right
Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition metal family Boron Carbon Nitrogen Calcogen Halogen Noble gas
What are rows called on the periodic table?
Periods
What are columns called on the periodic table?
Chemical families
What are valence shells?
Outer shell of any atom
What are metals and where are they found?
The transfer electrons
What are non-metals?
They gain electrons
What family is the most reactive?
Alkali metals
What are stable octects?
Octect rule- elements gain or loose electrons to attain an electron configuration of the nearest noble gas
What family is considered to be the most stable and why?
Noble gases because they have all their outer electron shells filled
What is matter? 3 states of matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
- solid
- liquid
- gas
Elements
Made entirely from one type of atom
Compound
A molecule that contains at least 2 elements
3 different types of compounds:
- acids
- ionic compounds
- molecular compounds
What info does a Bohr model show?
- the amount of shells an element has
- you can tell how reactive an element is
- shows electrons, neutrons, protons
Ion
Charged atom
Cation
Positive charged ion
Anion
Negatively charged ion
Combining capacity
The number of electrons elements lose, gain or share to create a full valence shell
Atoms that loose electrons are…
Positive
What is an ionic compound?
When metals react with non metals, electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non metal atom forming ions
What is an ionic bond?
A strong electrostatic force of attraction between metal and non metal atoms
What are metalloids
They have the least amount of elements
What it mean for an element to be reactive
Elements that are short one or two electrons or have an extra electron from a valence shell are very reactive
What are metalloids
They have the least amount of elements
What it mean for an element to be reactive
Elements that are short one or two electrons or have an extra electron from a valence shell are very reactive
Why do non metals need to bond with metals?
To get a full valence she’ll
Stock system
The elements in a compound indicated by Roman numerals
How do you find the charge of an anion when dealing with multitalented metals?
Identify each ion and its charge, determine total charges needed to balance positive and negative
Multivalent metal
An ion with multiple charges, using Roman numerals to show charge
Covalent
A chemical bond that involves the sharing it electron pairs between atoms
Molecular
Same as covalent
Polyatomic ions
2 or more atoms covalently bonded
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Neither created or destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformation
Word equation
Written representation of a chemical reaction
Skeletal equation
Way of using formulas to indicate the chemicals that were involved in a chemical reaction
Balanced chemical equation
Shows that the chemical reaction need to be balanced
Ammonia
NH4
Hydrogen peroxide
H2 O2
5 major reaction types
- double replacement
- single replacement
- combustion
- synthesis
- decomposition
pH stands for…
Power hydrogen
