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Chem Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

Science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and change of matter

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2
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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3
Q

How to find the number of protons:

A

Atomic #

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4
Q

How to find the number of neutrons

A

Mass # - atomic #

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5
Q

How to find # of electrons

A

Atomic #

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6
Q

Name the chemical families from left to right

A 
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals 
Transition metal family 
Boron 
Carbon 
Nitrogen
Calcogen
Halogen 
Noble gas
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7
Q

What are rows called on the periodic table?

A

Periods

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8
Q

What are columns called on the periodic table?

A

Chemical families

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9
Q

What are valence shells?

A

Outer shell of any atom

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10
Q

What are metals and where are they found?

A

The transfer electrons

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11
Q

What are non-metals?

A

They gain electrons

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12
Q

What family is the most reactive?

A

Alkali metals

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13
Q

What are stable octects?

A

Octect rule- elements gain or loose electrons to attain an electron configuration of the nearest noble gas

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14
Q

What family is considered to be the most stable and why?

A

Noble gases because they have all their outer electron shells filled

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15
Q

What is matter? 3 states of matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
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16
Q

Elements

A

Made entirely from one type of atom

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17
Q

Compound

A

A molecule that contains at least 2 elements

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18
Q

3 different types of compounds:

A
  • acids
  • ionic compounds
  • molecular compounds
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19
Q

What info does a Bohr model show?

A
  • the amount of shells an element has
  • you can tell how reactive an element is
  • shows electrons, neutrons, protons
20
Q

Ion

A

Charged atom

21
Q

Cation

A

Positive charged ion

22
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

23
Q

Combining capacity

A

The number of electrons elements lose, gain or share to create a full valence shell

24
Q

Atoms that loose electrons are…

A

Positive

25
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

When metals react with non metals, electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non metal atom forming ions

26
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A strong electrostatic force of attraction between metal and non metal atoms

27
Q

What are metalloids

A

They have the least amount of elements

28
Q

What it mean for an element to be reactive

A

Elements that are short one or two electrons or have an extra electron from a valence shell are very reactive

29
Q

What are metalloids

A

They have the least amount of elements

30
Q

What it mean for an element to be reactive

A

Elements that are short one or two electrons or have an extra electron from a valence shell are very reactive

31
Q

Why do non metals need to bond with metals?

A

To get a full valence she’ll

32
Q

Stock system

A

The elements in a compound indicated by Roman numerals

33
Q

How do you find the charge of an anion when dealing with multitalented metals?

A

Identify each ion and its charge, determine total charges needed to balance positive and negative

34
Q

Multivalent metal

A

An ion with multiple charges, using Roman numerals to show charge

35
Q

Covalent

A

A chemical bond that involves the sharing it electron pairs between atoms

36
Q

Molecular

A

Same as covalent

37
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

2 or more atoms covalently bonded

38
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Neither created or destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformation

39
Q

Word equation

A

Written representation of a chemical reaction

40
Q

Skeletal equation

A

Way of using formulas to indicate the chemicals that were involved in a chemical reaction

41
Q

Balanced chemical equation

A

Shows that the chemical reaction need to be balanced

42
Q

Ammonia

A

NH4

43
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

H2 O2

44
Q

5 major reaction types

A
  • double replacement
  • single replacement
  • combustion
  • synthesis
  • decomposition
45
Q

pH stands for…

A

Power hydrogen

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