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Weather Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two important characteristics of air that the briefing described? What third factor results in high or low pressure areas? Explain.

A

1) air’s lack of shape
2) air’s indefinite volume
3) uneven heating of earth leads to movement of air flowing from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. This movement sets earth’s atmosphere in motion.

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1
Q

Why is there no such thing as an air molecule?

A

Air is not composed of a single element or compound. Air is a mixture, formed from an assortment of gas molecules and atoms.

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2
Q

Troposphere

A

Tropos- turning over, or turbulent.

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3
Q

Stratosphere

A

Stratos- layer

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4
Q

Mesosphere

A

Mesos- middle

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5
Q

Thermosphere

A

Thermos- hot or heat

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6
Q

Exosphere

A

Exos- outside

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7
Q

Contains about half of earth’s atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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8
Q

Where many jet aircraft fly

A

Stratosphere

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9
Q

Contains ozone layer

A

Stratosphere

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10
Q

Where meteors burn up

A

Mesosphere

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11
Q

Where auroras occur

A

Ionosphere or thermosphere

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12
Q

Where space shuttles orbit

A

Thermosphere

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13
Q

Where the air is heated from the ground up

A

Troposphere

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14
Q

Most clouds

A

Troposphere

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15
Q

High energy UV rays absorbed

A

Stratosphere

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16
Q

Lowest temperatures

A

Mesosphere

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17
Q

Area first heated by the Sun

A

Thermosphere

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18
Q

Thinnest air

A

Thermosphere

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19
Q

Highest temperatures

A

Thermosphere

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20
Q

Contains the ionosphere

A

Thermosphere

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21
Q

How is an ozone molecule different from an oxygen molecule?

A

Oxygen is made up of two oxygen atoms and ozone is made up of three oxygen atoms

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22
Q

Compare and contrast in the lower troposphere to ozone in the mid troposphere.

A

Ozone in the stratosphere is good, absorbs much of the UV Portion of sunlight. This protects us from skin cancer, crop damage, and other problems. Ozone is in the upper troposphere acts like a greenhouse gas too much ozone adds to global warming

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23
Q

Compare and contrast ozone in the lower troposphere to ozone in the mid troposphere

A

Ozone in the mid troposphere helps to clean pollutants out of the atmosphere. Ozone in the lower troposphere is produced when pollutants from cars and industry combined with sunlight to produce ozone. It is unhealthy to breathe and causes damage to crops

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24
Q

Why does the air in a convective cell stop rising when it ascends to the bottom most layer of the stratosphere?

A

In the troposphere cooler air lies on top of warmer air. Warmer air at lower altitudes is less dense so it tends to rise while the denser cooler air above tends to move downward.The air stops rising when it reaches the bottom of the stratosphere where the surrounding there is less dense than the rising air.

25
Q

How do you air pressure, temperature, and the amount of water vapor in the troposphere change on average as you ascend?

A

1) Air pressure decreases
2) Air temperature decreases
3) humidity decreases (less energy to maintain water it is gaseous form)

26
Q

How do these averages help scientists predict weather

A

Changes in averages help scientists predict changes in weather

27
Q

Describe how ice becomes liquid water

A

When more heat energy is added to the ice the water molecules vibrate more. If they absorb enough heat energy, they will break free of their locked position and flow as a liquid.

28
Q

Describe how liquid water becomes water vapor

A

When enough heat is added to liquid water, evaporation occurs

29
Q

How does water vapor become liquid water

A

When water vapor releases enough heat, it condenses

30
Q

A phase change always involves what

A

Transfer of energy

31
Q

What form of energy powers the water cycle

A

Heat energy

32
Q

How does the water cycle transfer energy worldwide

A

The water cycle transfers energy worldwide through the atmosphere, creating both local weather and different climates

33
Q

Tell whether energy is absorbed or released

Liquid water solidifies into ice crystals

A

, released

34
Q

Summarize how heat and water interact in the atmosphere through the stages of the water cycle

A

One, solar energy absorbed land and ocean surface
Two, Heat evaporates water and warms the humid surface air, causing it to rise
Three, warm air rises and cools and water vapor under goes phase change in which it releases energy and condenses as liquid water
Four, Earths weather reaches to the top of the troposphere where temps are below freezing
Five, if liquid water rises high enough, another phase change of releasing energy, solidifying into ice crystals, forming clouds, from which precipitation might fall

35
Q

What must be present for a cloud to form

A

Water vapor in the air, air temperature and dewpoint, speck of smoke or dust on which water vapor can condense

36
Q

Note your cloud chart to include the types of weather that each cloud usually indicate

A

Cirrus – indicate fair weather, but warn one of coming precipitation
Stratocumulus – light rain
Altocumulus – proceed colder weather
Nimbostratus – steady, continuous rain or snow
Cumulonimbus – thunderstorms

37
Q

Why can fog be described as low- lying clouds?

A

Fog appears close to the ground

38
Q

Is it possible to have dew without fog?

A

Yes the vapor could condense directly on the cooled surface

39
Q

Is it possible to have fog without dew

A

No, dew forms on cold, cloud free nights when the temp of the ground, or any other surface, drop low enough for water vapor in the surrounding air to condense.

40
Q

Imagine that you awoke on two consecutive mornings at dawn following a clear night, and saw dew on the window pane the first morning, and frost on the next. What cause these two conditions?

A

The dew condensed on the windowpane when it became cool enough to cause the water vapor on its surface to condense into liquid. The frost occurred as the temperature drops below freezing.

41
Q

Look at the dewpoint temperature map and read the caption what relationship does there appear to be between dewpoint and severe storms

A

A significant difference in dewpoint over a narrow geographic region could indicate the potential for severe weather to occur.

42
Q

Rain

A

Most common form of precipitation

43
Q

Sleet

A

Raindrops fall through the layer of air at it’s freezing point.
Rain freezes as it passes through freezing air below clouds

44
Q

Freezing rain

A

Rain makes contact with cold surface and freezes

45
Q

Snow

A

Water droplets converted directly into ice crystals

46
Q

Hail

A

Chunks of ice carried directly through cold regions of cloud.
Only in cumulonimbus clouds

47
Q

Hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards

A

All have intense wind

48
Q

Energy from the sun

A 
Source of energy that powers a storm
Solar energy travels to earth in Electromagnetic waves
Visible light
Infrared radiation
Ultraviolet radiation
49
Q

Infrared radiation

A

Invisible radiation that we detect as heat

50
Q

Visible light

A

Radiation we see as visible light

51
Q

Ultraviolet radiation

A

Invisible high-energy radiation that can damage living tissue
Small amounts can be beneficial for people’s health.body requires UV radiation to produce vitamin D
Too much UV radiation can cause skin and Eye disease

52
Q

Earth’s energy budget

A

Shows how much of the solar energy is used by earth
30% – reflected or scattered by clouds, particles, and earths surface
20% – absorbed by atmosphere
50% – absorbed by earths surface (land and water)

53
Q

Conduction

A

Is the transfer of heat by the direct contact of particles of matter.

54
Q

Convention

A

Is the transfer of heat by the actual motion of a fluid (liquid or gas) in the form of currents

55
Q

Radiation

A

Is heat transferred by electromagnetic waves

56
Q

Order

A

Solar energy reaches Earth surface via radiation,
Energy is absorbed by earths surface causing it to warm,
The heat energy of the surface is transferred to the air in contact with this surface by conduction,
Warmer,less dense air rises, carrying the heat upward by convention,
As the air rises through the surrounding regions of greater density, it begins to cool and contract, becoming more dense
Eventually, the density of rising air equals the density of the surrounding air as it stops rising. This newly arrived air displaces air already at the same altitude causing it to spread sideways,
The cold and more dense air pushes aside by the rising column begins to sink,
The cold dens air continues to sink through less dense air, eventually returning to the surface

57
Q

Air

A

Mixture of gaseous elements, compounds, and other particles,
78% – nitrogen
21% – oxygen
1% – other gases

58
Q

Absorbed or released

solar energy heats the land and ocean surface

A

Absorbed

59
Q

Absorbed or released

Heat from the surface evaporates water and warms humid surface air

A

Absorbed

60
Q

Absorbed or released

Warm air rises and then cools

A

Released

61
Q

Absorbed or released

Water vapor condenses as liquid water

A

Released

Science (15 decks)

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