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Biomes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 5 characteristics of living things

A
  • Organization
  • Reproduction
  • Adjustment to Surroundings
  • Growth and Development
  • Ability to Carry Out Life Processes
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2
Q

What can all living things be called?

A

Organisms

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3
Q

Name the basic needs of living things

A
  • Energy
  • Oxygen, Water, Minerals
  • Habitat
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4
Q

Why do all living things need to energy?

A

All living things need energy because it is converted into food/sugars, at least for plants. Animals get energy when they eat the plants that have collected energy from the sun.

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5
Q

Why do all organisms need Water, Oxygen and Minerals?

A

All organisms need those materials because they are used to support life processes such as digestion, cell transport, and respiration.

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6
Q

How do organisms have organization?

A

Organisms have organization through cells. Cells are used to carry on functions for life like digesting food for energy and releasing sweat to cool the body.

( An organism can be unicellular (made of one cell) or multicellular (made of multiple cells))

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7
Q

How do organisms have reproduction?

A

Organisms reproduce by having offspring or making seeds.

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8
Q

How do animals adjust to their surroundings?

A

Organisms adjust to their surrounding by reacting toward as certain factor.

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9
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A stimulus is anything that an organism reacts to, such as a sound.

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10
Q

What is a response?

A

The reaction of an animal to a stimulus.

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11
Q

How do organism grow and develop?

A

Organisms grow and develops by growing using minerals until they reach adult form.

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12
Q

How do organisms have the ability to use life processes?

A

An organism can carry out life processes through respiration, excretion, or cellular transport, etc.

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13
Q

What is the difference between a biotic things and an abiotic thing?

A

If something is biotic it is alive whereas if it is abiotic it is nonliving.

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14
Q

Give an example of an organism using the a and basic needs and characteristics of living things.

A

An orchid has organization through cells. It reproduces through little seeds that can grow into another orchid. It’s petals allow the orchid to collect sunlight for photosynthesis. A orchid has to grow from a seed which shows growth and development. An orchid grows towards sunlight which shows how it can adjust to its lowest environment. An orchids habitat is the soil and gathers materials(water) through its roots.

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15
Q

What happens to water vapor at 10,000 feet?

A

It condenses into water droplets because the air can’t hold as much molecules because the gravity is in his great.

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16
Q

What is the definition of climate?

A

A weather pattern over a long period of time (30+ years).

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17
Q

What are the 5 factors that affect climate?

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Latitude
  3. Elevation
  4. Precipitation
  5. Topography
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18
Q

How does temperature affect climate?

A

Temperature affects climate by the intensity of the sun. Depending on the location, the sun’s intensity could be greater or lesser affecting the temperature. The sun’s intensity can also change throughout the year.

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19
Q

How does elevation affect climate?

A

Elevation affects gravity because of the force of gravity. The closer to the surface of the earth, the greater the gravity, therefore the air molecules are more tightly packed together. Because there is less air molecules at a higher elevation, there are less atoms creating friction with each other which causes heat. Because of this it is colder the higher you are.

20
Q

How might temperature types of precipitation affect climate?

A

Temperature affects different types of precipitation because it changes the form that the precipitation can fall in. For example if you have a cold temperature your water vapor is going to condense and fall as snow or hail. The opposite happens for warm temperatures.

21
Q

What is a Hadley Cell (don’t need to know this)?

A

A hadley cell is when you have a cycle where you have a desert next to a wet lush rainforest. This happens because the warm water from the rainforest rise and then condense only to suck out the moisture of the land surrounding the rainforest making it a desert.

22
Q

How does latitude affect climate?

A

Latitude affects climate because

23
Q

Identify how gravity affects molecules.

A

Gravity affects air molecules because it influences how tightly packed molecules are which can affect temperature because of the amount of friction the atoms can have.

24
Q

How does topography affect climate?

A

Topography affects climate because it is the land forms on land itself. For example if you have a mountainous topography you’re going to have factors like elevation come in play which is how topography can affect climate.

25
Q

How does precipitation affect climate?

A
  • Precipitation affects climate because of the water cycle.

- Warm air rises carry water vapor and then gets cooler and condenses into precipitation.

26
Q

What is the definition of latitude?

A

The distance from the equator.

27
Q

What is the definition of adaption?

A

An adaption is a feature that an organism has to survive in a particular environment.

28
Q

What is the definition of a behavioral adaptation?

A

Actions that organisms take that increase the chances of survival in a particular environment.

29
Q

What is the definition of a structural adaptation?

A

Physical characteristics of an organism that increases chances of survival in a particular environment.

30
Q

What are characteristics of the Tundra Biome?

A
  • Long cold winters, short summers
  • Cold
  • Dry
  • Permafrost
  • Poor Soil
  • Low amount of precipitation (25cm or less)
31
Q

What are characteristics of the Taiga Biome?

A
  • World’s largest land biome
  • Long, cold winters, short summers
  • Dense evergreen forests
  • Precipitation is mostly snow
  • Poor soil
  • Low end of medium rainfall (30cm-60cm)
32
Q

What are characteristics of the Deciduous Forest Biome?

A
  • 4 distinct seasons
  • Most trees lose leaves in autumn
  • Rainfall equally spread throughout year
  • Cold winter, warm summer
  • Good soil
  • Rich food sources for animals
  • Medium amount of rainfall range (75cm-150cm)
33
Q

What are the 8 biomes?

A
  • Desert
  • Tropical Rainforest
  • Marine
  • Freshwater
  • Tundra
  • Taiga
  • Deciduous Forest
  • Grassland
34
Q

What are characteristics of the Tropical Forest Biome?

A
  • No seasons
  • Hot and humid climate
  • Lots of plant and animal diversity
  • Tall narrow trees that shade forest floor
  • Poor soil
  • High amount of rainfall (200cm-450cm)
35
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Deciduous Forest Biome?

A
  • Plants become dormant and lose their leaves in winter
  • Some animals migrate to warmer areas for more food
  • Hibernate in the winter
36
Q

What are characteristics of the Grassland Biome?

A
  • Hot summer, very cold winter
  • Rich soil
  • No trees
  • Medium amount of rainfall (50cm-90cm)
37
Q

What are characteristics of the Desert Biome?

A
  • Rocky/Sandy soil
  • Little plant life
  • Low humidity
  • Low amount of rainfall
  • Cold nights, hot days
38
Q

What are characteristics of the Marine Biome?

A
  • Contains high concentrations of salt
  • Very productive estuaries
  • 3 zones (intertidal, open ocean, deep ocean)
39
Q

What are characteristics of the Freshwater Biome?

A
  • Low salinity
  • Fast flowing water that can carry nutrients away
  • Can contain high amounts of sediments and nutrients
40
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Freshwater Biome?

A
  • Phytoplankton, duckweed, and other aquatic plants float on water
  • Fish and other marine life obtain oxygen through gills
  • Fish have streamlined body for swimming
41
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Marine Biome?

A
  • Algae forms basis of food chain with sea grasses and kelp
  • Grasses can attach themselves to rocks on bottom of sea floor
  • Obtain oxygen through gills
  • Fish have streamlined body for swimming
42
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Desert Biome?

A
  • Plants have extensive, shallow root systems to collect water
  • Spiny/Waxy leaves to prevent water loss
  • Large ears to help radiate excess heat
  • Waterproof body covering
  • Nocturnal
  • Store water and/or fat
43
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Grassland Biome?

A
  • Extensive root systems
  • Organisms are adapted to eat grasses
  • Herbivores graze in day to see predators
44
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Tropical Forest Biome?

A
  • Plants have broad leaves to catch sunlight
  • Brightly colored
  • Large ears for heat
  • Adapted for life in tree canopy
45
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Tundra?

A
  • Plants resistant to drought and cold
  • Grow close to ground to escape cold winds
  • Change color in winter
  • Thick fur/blubber
  • Hibernate during coldest months
46
Q

What are some important adaptations plants and animals have in the Taiga?

A
  • Trees have thin needles with waxy coating preventing water loss through transpiration
  • Dark color of needles help absorb the most amount of energy from the sun
  • Leaves don’t drop in winter so trees can do photosynthesis most of the year
  • Thick fur coats
  • Hibernate in winter

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