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Science > Atoms/Water Lessons 1-7 > Flashcards

Atoms/Water Lessons 1-7 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a balanced chemical equation?

A

A balanced chemical equation is not matter how many reactants and products are involved, all the atoms present at the start of a reaction are present at the end

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1
Q

How are protons, atoms, and elements related?

A

A. Protons and neutrons make up most of the mass of an atom
B. Atoms make up elements
C. Elements are made up of one type of atom, cannot be broken down chemically and turned into another substance

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2
Q

Plasma is…

A

The most common phase of matter in the universe

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4
Q

How is matter measured (include units)?

A

Mass: kilograms
Volume: cm cubed or mL
Density: d= m/v
g: cm cubed

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5
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of matter relating to chemical reactions?

A

Matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction

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6
Q

What makes up matter?

A
  • Atoms

- Molecules

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6
Q

How did scientists develop the model of the atom we use today?

A

A. Dalton - first detailed atomic model
B. Thomson - identified electron
C. Rutherford - alpha particles and gold foil experiment, atom made up of mostly empty space and large nucleus
D. Bohr - electrons orbits and energy levels

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7
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of matter that an object contains

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8
Q

Is salt and sugar and polar or charged substance? Why?

A

Yes, because salt and sugar are a solvent and when something is a solvent it is attracted to other charged particles.

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9
Q

What does an electron cloud have?

A
  • Electrons
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13
Q

Where are the elements listed on the periodic table? What info can be found about elements on it?

A

Element for of matter made up of one type of atom
Physical properties atoms of same element share specific properties ( color mass point shape hardness)
Chemical properties atoms of same element share chemical properties ( Ph oxidation inflammability radioactivity)
Symbol chemical symbols represent elements on the periodic table

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14
Q

A chemical formula… and it does not…

A

A chemical formula identifies the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms that make up that substance

A chemical formula does not count how many atoms of each element are present but the proportion of atoms present

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15
Q

What does a subscript show?

A

Subscripts show the number of atoms of an element in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound

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16
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A chemical reaction is a molecule that contains atleast two different elements

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17
Q

When do chemical reactions occur? When is a chemical bond formed?

A

Chemical reactions occur when chemical bonds break or when new bonds form

Chemical bonds occur when reacting atoms come into contact with each other

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18
Q

Which elements are found in all four locations?

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

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19
Q

What is a chemical equation?

A

A chemical equation is a shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions using symbols instead of words

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20
Q

What are reactants?

A

Reactants are the materials at the beginning of a chemical equation; the substances you start with

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22
Q

Explain chemical changes and provide examples.

A

A change in matter that creates new substances

Examples: souring of milk, Burning of wood

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23
Q

What are products?

A

Products are the materials at the end of a chemical equation; what you end up with, or what is produced after the reaction

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24
Q

What are the four phases of matter?

A

Gas
Liquid
Solid
Plasma

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24
Q

Describe the Law of Conservation of matter

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed

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24
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

The total mass the reactants must equal the total mass of the products

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25
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Water’s ability to stick to other substances

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26
Q

What are the most commons elements found on earth?

A

H, Mg, N, Fe, O, K, S, P, C, Na, Al, Si, Ca, Cl, Cr

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27
Q

Explain physical changes and provide examples.

A

Change that alters he firm or appearance of a substance but does not make the material into different substances
Examples: chopping wood, freezing water

27
Q

Is the oxygen end positive or negative? What is the hydrogen end?

A

The oxygen atom has a negative pole and the two hydrogen atoms have positive poles

28
Q

What do the attracted ends form when they merge?

A

A weak bond

29
Q

Compare the densities of solid water (ice), liquid water, and alcohol

A

Liquid water has the highest density, the solid water (ice), then the alcohol

30
Q

Why is it called sticky water?

A

Water molecules are called sticky because the special bonds between the positive pole of one water molecule no the negative pole of another water molecule make opposite poles of water molecules stick to each other. Water will also stick to any other water molecule around it

31
Q

What does the atomic nucleus have inside?

A
  • Protons

- Neutrons

34
Q

What is a polar molecule?

A

A polar molecule is a molecule with a positive pole and negative pole

34
Q

What causes cohesion?

A

Cohesion is caused from bonds formed between the different water molecules

35
Q

How did the salt look in the water? Why?

A

Cloudy, because the salt was dissolved in the water

36
Q

What is cohesion? What is it responsible for?

A

Cohesion is when two water molecules opposite poles attract and create a bond
High surface tension

37
Q

How does cohesion result in high surface temperature?

A

Cohesion results in high surface tension because

37
Q

Why did the soap cause the talcum powder to break? Why?

A

The water rippled and the talcum powder sank to the bottom. The soap broke the water’s bonds.

38
Q

Why do some things (such as a paper clip) float on water?

A

The paper clip is very light and it can’t break the surface tension of the water

38
Q

Does the oobleck have a higher or lower surface tension than water? Why?

A

A higher surface tension because the substance stayed firm when touched

39
Q

Why does water form a meniscus when in a test tube?

A

The water molecules are attracted to the substance that makes up the glass

40
Q

When in a test tube, alcohol does not form a meniscus. Why is this?

A

The alcohol is flat on the surface because it does not have adhesive properties like water

44
Q

What causes adhesion?

A

Adhesion is caused by bonds between a water molecule and another substance

45
Q

Why did the marker travel up the paper?

A

The water molecules were attracted to mule clue in the cup

46
Q

How is a molecule formed?

A

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically

47
Q

Compare the densities of water vapor (gas), solid water (ice), and liquid water

A

Liquid water has the highest density, then solid water (ice), then water vapor (gas)

48
Q

What are some other examples of adhesion?

A
  • Liquid climbing up the inside of a straw
  • Water climbing up pores in wood and bricks
  • Sports clothing wicking moisture away from the body
49
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solvent is a compound that does the dissolving

50
Q

How many oxygen atoms are there? How many hydrogen? Which is larger?

A

There are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in water. The oxygen atom is the largest.

50
Q

How did the vegetable oil look in the water? Why?

A

Clear with droplets on the surface, because it did not dissolve in the water

50
Q

Does the oil act as a solvent on the salt? Why?

A

No, because the salt crystals are at the bottom of the cup

50
Q

What are some real life examples of universal solvents?

A
  • Making lemonade from a powdered drink mix
  • Mixing a sugar cube in tea
  • Using water to dissolve salt and soap
51
Q

Why is water called a universal solvent?

A

Water is called the universal solvent because it can act solvent on many different liquids,solids and gases

52
Q

Is vegetable oil a polar substance? Why?

A

No, because sugar and salt are polar, and they dissolved in water. Since the vegetable oil did not dissolve in the water and it was not able to dissolve salt, it is not polar.

54
Q

If oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve into water they are polar charged.Why it this important to our environment?

A

Certain underwater life processes require oxygen to survive

55
Q

Why did the marker ink separate?

A

Because of it’s adhesive properties

55
Q

Why don’t ice cubes sink in a drink?

A

Because the ice is less dense than the liquid

56
Q

What happens to an ice cube when it’s placed in alcohol? Why?

A

It sinks to the bottom because the solid water is more dense than the alcohol

58
Q

What is dry ice?

A

The solid form of carbon dioxide

59
Q

Why did the talcum powder stay on the surface?

A

The talcum powder was so light it can’t break the surface tension of the water

59
Q

What is sublimation?

A

When something goes directly from the solid to has phase at room temperature

60
Q

Compare the densities of liquid water, solid water (ice), and dry ice

A

Dry ice has the highest density, then liquid water, then solid water (ice)

61
Q

Why is it important to ocean creatures that ice floats?

A

If ice sank, then bodies of water would freeze solid from bottom to surface, killing all the things living in it

62
Q

If you put a full glass bottle of water in the geezer overnight it will shatter the bottle. Why?

A

As the temperature of the water in the bottle decreases, the water molecules begin to slow down and expanded to become less dense solid water (ice). As it expanded, the bottle eventually couldn’t hold it, so it shattered

63
Q

What is a meniscus?

A

A U shaped curve formed by water and other liquids at the surface of a glass or graduated cylinder

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