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Sea School OUPV > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

What is the driving force behind weather

A

The Sun

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2
Q

What causes the air currents

A

As solar energy reaches the Earth, equatorial region regions heat up more than the poles, which causes the air there to rise
, drawing air in from cooler areas elsewhere

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3
Q

What creates low pressure

A

Heated rising air

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4
Q

What creates wind?

A

Air flowing form areas of higher pressure (cooler with air sinking) to lower pressure areas created when heated air rises

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5
Q

What creates high pressure?

A

Cooler air falling

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6
Q

Wind is created by air flowing form ______ to _____

A

highs (high pressure) to lows (lower pressure)

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7
Q

Evaporation

A

Water vapor rising into the atmosphere

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8
Q

Condensation

A

The changing of water from a vapor to a liquid

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9
Q

Precipitation

A

Ay form of water falling from the sky such as rain, sleet, snow, and hail

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10
Q

Barometric pressure

A

The pressure of the atmosphere

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11
Q

The terms high and low pressure indicate

A

The pressures relative to the surrounding areas

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12
Q

High and Low Pressures resultfrom

A

Vertical airflow caused by changed in temperature

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13
Q

Air pressure is measured with

A

A barometer

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14
Q

Isobars are

A

Lines of equal pressure

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15
Q

Due to the counterclockwise circulation around low pressure areas in the Northern Hemisphere, cold air will likely be found to the _____ and _____ of low pressure areas

A

north and west

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16
Q

Due to the counterclockwise circulation around low pressure areas in the Northern Hemisphere, warm air is most often found to the _______ and ____ of low pressure areas

A

south and east

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17
Q

Define Front

A

a boundary between two air masses with an abrupt pressure and temperature across it.

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18
Q

Warm Front

A

red line and half circles

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19
Q

cold front

A

blue line and triangles

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20
Q

occluded front

A

purple with half-circles and triangles on the same side

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21
Q

stationary front symbols on a map are

A

red half circles on one side, blue triangles on the other

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22
Q

What is a cold front?

A

a warm-cold air boundary with the colder air replacing the warmer denoted on a weather map with a blue line with triangles pointing the direction the cold air is moving

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23
Q

As a cold front moves into an area

A

the heavier cool air pushes under the lighter, warm air it is replacing

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24
Q

As the warm air rises,

A

it cools and if the rising air is humid enough, water vapor in it will condense into clouds and maybe precipitation

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25
Q

A Warm Front is

A

the boundary between warm and cool, or cold, air when the warm air is replacing the cold air

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26
Q

Warm fronts often bring

A

days of inclement weather

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27
Q

The warm front symbol on a weather map marks

A

the warm-cold boundary at the Earth’s surface

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28
Q

On a weather map a warm front is indicated by

A

red half-circles pointing in the direction the warm air is morbing

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29
Q

Where is the warm-cold boundary in a warm front

A

over the cold air, and can stretch hundreds of miles.

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30
Q

Warm fronts tend to form

A

to the east of low pressure centers where southerly winds push warm air northward

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31
Q

Occluded front is caused by

A

A cold front overtaking a warm front

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32
Q

An occluded front is shown on a weather map symbolically as

A

a line with purple triangles and half circles on the same side

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33
Q

A frontal occlusion often occurs

A

in the later stages of a storm’s life cycle when the air in the warm sector of the storm is lifted off the ground

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34
Q

A cold occlusion happens when

A

the air behind the storm front is colder than the air ahead of the storm from. The coldest air undercuts the cool air ahead of the front and the occluded front acts very similar to a cold front

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35
Q

A warm occlusion occurs when

A

the air behind the front is warmer than the air ahead of the front. The cool air is lighter than the coldest air ahead of the front so the cool air rises up and over the coldest air at the surface and the occluded front acts very similar to a warm front

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36
Q

An occluded front has well-defined

A

vertical boundaries between the coldest air, the cool air and the warm air

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37
Q

Stationary Front

A

A cold front is the boundary between cool and warm air when the cool air is replacing the warm. A warm front is the boundary when the warm air is replacing the cold air. When the pushing is a standoff, you have a stationary front.

38
Q

Stationary front map symbol

A

combining both the warm front and cold front symbols, you have a line with blue tringles (cold) on one side and red half-circles (warm) on the other

39
Q

A trough is

A

An elongated area of low atmospheric pressure that can occur at the Earth’s surface or higher altitudes.

40
Q

Precipitation tends to fall ___ of the trough axis while _____, ______ air tends to prevail to ________of the trough

A

east, cooler, drier, west

41
Q

Air rises ___ of troughs and sinks ____ of troughs

A

East, Weat

42
Q

Upper-level troughs influence

A

many surface weather features, including the movement of surface low pressure areas, clouds and precipitation

43
Q

A ridge is

A

an elongated area of high atmospheric pressure

44
Q

Ridges occur

A

both at the Earth’s surface and at higher altitudes

45
Q

Sunny, dry weather usually prevails to the ____ of the upper level ridge while on the ___ of the ridge, wet weather can dominate

A

east, west

46
Q

Air tends to ___ east of ridge axis inhibiting clouds and precipitation

A

sink

47
Q

air tends to rise to the ____ of the ridge axis, which can lead to the formation of clouds and precipitation

A

west

48
Q

Sea breezes form

A

because water heats up much slower than land. The land heats up, warms the air close to the ground, which rises. Cool air from the ocean moves in to replace the rise warmer air, which may create an on shore wind.

49
Q

The strength of a sea breeze is relative to

A

the temperature contrast between the air temperature inland and the ocean temperature

50
Q

A land breeze is made

A

by the temperature difference between the quickly cooling land and slowly cooling water. As the land cools, it cools the surrounding air, which moves offshore to replace the warm air over the much more slowly cooling ocean. This is most common during the fall and winter season when water temperatures are still fairly warm and nights are cool

51
Q

An aneroid barometer reads

A

atmosphere pressure differences and changes

52
Q

A barometer that reads rain, change, or clear

A

tells you nothing

53
Q

Aneroid barometer shows changes in atmospheric pressure using

A

a set hand. Tap the face to bring the pointer to the true position. The speed at which the need moves indicates the wind speed. Little or no change indicates that current conditions will continue

54
Q

Clouds are

A

masses of small water droplets of tiny ice crystals that float in the air, there are three main types

55
Q

Cirrus

A

the highest and are composed entirely of ice crystals. Usually they signal a change in the weather

56
Q

Cumulus clouds

A

are heaped and billowy with a “cotton ball” appearance, They will often have flat gray bases, with puffy white topes. Then usually signal good weather, but can produce showers and thunderstorms

57
Q

Nimbus clouds are

A

dark rain clouds. Cumulonimbus clouds are large heaps of rain clouds that are often anvil shapes. The are associated with thunderstorms and can produce gusty winds, thunder, rain, hail and lightening.

58
Q

Stratus clouds are

A

layered, lowly, dull-colored clouds. The form in layers and usually bring drizzling rain or light-falling snow

59
Q

Dew point

A

the temperature at which the air can no longer hold moisture and begins to unload slowly as fond.

60
Q

Winds are names

A

from where they blow

61
Q

Veering winds change

A

in a clockwise direction, such as a wind changing from north to east

62
Q

Backing winds change

A

in a counterclockwise direction. A find changing from the south to from the east would be backing

63
Q

Apparent wind is

A

shown on the wind vane of a moving vessel

64
Q

Apparent wind speed is measure by

A

an anemometer

65
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

Winds are deflected by the Earth’s rotation

66
Q

The wind pattern that generally influences movement of frontal systems over North America is

A

the Prevailing westerlies

67
Q

Fog is

A

a cloud on the Earth’s surface. It is visible condensations in the atmosphere. Its water or ice particles are smaller than rain or mist and those particles stay suspended in air

68
Q

Form forms when

A

air cools to the point (dew point) when water vapor in the air begins to cool into tiny water droplets

69
Q

fog is more likely to form

A

at night, and likelier as is gets later and later because the air cooling off more and more

70
Q

Advection

A

the horizontal movement of air

71
Q

Advection fog is created by

A

warm moist air flowing over cold coastal water. It is very common during winter warming and early spring thaws.

72
Q

If air is at near moisture saturation, …

A

moisture will condense out of the cooled air and form fog

73
Q

Advection fog is worse

A

When winds are too light to mix the warm humid air near the ground with the cooler drier air above.

74
Q

Sea smoke

A

looks like and is sometimes called steam. Cold, dry air blows over warmer water and the water evaporates into the lower layers of the air that is warmed by the water. The warmed air rises and is cooled by the cooler air above enough to for tiny droplets. This is most common in the fall because the cold winds bring cold air over the more slowly cooling warm water.

75
Q

In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that shift counterclockwise is a

A

Veering wind

76
Q

direction of the surface wind is/are

A

deflected by the Earth’s rotation

77
Q

In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that shifts counterclockwise is a _____.

A

Backing Wind

78
Q

A weather forecast states that the wind will commence backing. In the Northern Hemisphere, this would indicate that it will _____.

A

Shift in a counterclockwise manner

79
Q

A weather forecast states that the wind will commence veering. In the Northern Hemisphere this indicates that the wind will _____.

A

Shift in a clockwise manner

80
Q

A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water is a _____.

A

Sea Breeze

81
Q

Wind resulting from a land mass cooling more quickly at night than adjacent water is a _____.

A

Land Breeze

82
Q

On a weather chart, a warm front is indicated by what symbol?

A

Line with red half circles on one side

83
Q

The barometer is an instrument for measuring the _____.

A

Atmospheric Pressure

84
Q

Which symbol on a weather chart represents a cold front?

A

Line with blue triangles

85
Q

What is the weather chart symbol for an occluded front?

A

Line with purple half-circles and triangles

86
Q

A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water is a _____.

A

sea breeze

87
Q

Prior to reading an aneroid barometer, you should tap the face lightly with your finger to _____.

A

bring the pointer to its true position

88
Q

Which symbol on a weather chart represents a Warm front?

A

Line with red half circles

89
Q

Which weather chart symbol represents a stationary front?

A

Line with red circles on one side & blue triangles on the other

90
Q

A boundary between two air masses is called a _____.

A

front

Sea School OUPV (15 decks)

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